Homa Lagün'ünde Mevsimsel Nutrient Zenginleştirme Denemesi (İzmir Körfezi, Ege Denizi )

Homa Lagününde (İzmir Körfezi, Ege Denizi,) nutrient (P, Si, NH4 , NO3 ) zenginleştirme denemesinin fitoplankton büyümesi üzerine etkilerini görmek amacıyla, 2007 yılında mevsimsel olarak kesikli kültür ile zenginleştirme denemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda fitoplankton büyümesini sınırlandıran elementler; ilkbahar döneminde NO3 , P ve Si, yaz döneminde N ve P, sonbahar ve kış dönemlerinde ise NH4 olarak gözlenmiştir. Dolayısı ile azot (N)ve fosfor (P) ilavesinin fitoplankton biyomas ve büyümesinde belirgin bir değişikliğe sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diyatom ve dinoflagellat türlerinin ise özellikle Silikat (Si) ve azot (N) elementlerinin değişik konsantrasyonlarında büyüdüğü gözlenmiştir.

Seasonal Nutrient Enrichment Experiment in Homa Lagoon (İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea)

In order to determine the effects of nutrient (P, Si, NH4, NO3) enrichment on the growth of phytoplankton in Homa Lagoon (İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea), experiments of enrichment with discontinuous cultures have been executed seasonally in 2007. In our study, the elements limiting the growth of phytoplankton were NO3, P and Si in spring season, N and P in summer season, and NH4 in autumn and winter seasons. So, it has been determined that the addition of nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P) has led significant change in biomass and growth of phytoplankton. It has also been observed that diatom and dinoflagellate species have grown under various concentrations of, especially, Silicate (Si) and nitrogen (N).

PDF

___

Ault TR,- Velzeboer Zammit R. 2000. Influence of nutrient availability on phytoplankton growth and community structure in the Port Adelaide River. Australia: biossay assessment of potential nutrient limitation. Hydrobiologia.429: 89-103.DOI:10.1023/A:1004024630413
Berdalet, E. 1992. Effects of turbulence on the marine dinoflagellate Gymnodinium nelsonii . J. Phycol. 28: 267 272.DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00267.
Berdalet E, Marrase C, Estrada M, Arin L, MacLean ML.1996. Microbial community responses to nitrogen- and phosphorus- deficient nutrient inputs: microplankton dynamics and biochemical characterization . J. Plankton Res., 18: 16271641 .DOI: 10.1093/plankt/18.9.1627
Carlsson P, Gran l E. 1999. Effects of N P S ratios and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton communities in the northern Adriatic Sea: II. Phytoplankton species composition. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 18, 55 65.DOI:10.3354/ame018037
Conley DJ, Malone TC. 1992. Annual cycle of dissolved silicate in Chesapeake Bay: implication for the production and fate of phytoplankton biomass . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 81, 121128..
Conley DJ. 2000. Biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient management strategies. Hydrobiologia 410: 87-96. DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-2163-9_10
Cottingham KL, Carpenter SR, Amand AN. 1998. Responses of epilinetic phytoplankton to experimental nutrient enrichment in three small lakes. J. Plankton Res. 20: 1889 1914.
Delia F; Sanders JG, Boynton R. 19 . Nutrient enrichment studies in acoastal plain estuary: phytoplankton growth in large-scale contiuous cultures.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, 397-406.
DiTullio GR, Hutchins DA, Bruland KW. 1993. Interaction of iron and major nutrients controls phytoplankton growth and species composition in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 495508.
Duarte C, Aristegui J, Gonzalez N, Agusti S, Anadon R. 2001. Evidence for a heterotrophic subtropical NE Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46: 425428.
Dugdale RC, Wilkerson F. 1992. Nutrient limitation of new production in the sea. In: Falkowski PG, Woodhead AD. (Eds.), Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum - New York, pp. 107122.
Elser JJ. And Kimmel BL. 1986. Alteration of phytoplankton phosphorus status during enrichment experiments: Implications for interpreting nutrient enrichment biossay results. Hydrobiologia.133:217-222.
Eppley RW, Rogers JN, McCarthy JJ.1969. Comparison of Half saturation constants for uptake of nitrate and ammonium by marine phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography: 14, 912-920.DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1969.tb02628.x Fr son GF, Guelorget O, Pertu sot JP, Fres E. 19 . D agnose colog ue et zonat on b olog ue du lac de B zerte. Application aquacoles, FAO. 41 pp.
Gran l E, allström K, Larsson , Gran l , Elmgren R. 1990. Nutrient limitation of primary production in the Baltic Sea area. Ambio., 19: 142151 .
Gran l E, Carlsson P, Turner JT, Tester P, Bechemin C, Dawson R, Funari E. 1999. Effects of N: P: Si ratios and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton communities in the northern Adriatic Sea: I. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, and polysaccharide production. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 18: 3754. DOI:10.3354/ame018037
Gobler J, Sa uado-Wilhelmy SA. 2001. Effects of organic carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic nutrients, and iron additions on the growth of phytoplankton and bacteria during a brown tide bloom. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 209: 19 34.DOI:10.3354/meps209019
Grzebyk D, Berland B. 1996. Influence of temperature, salinity and irradiance on growth of Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea. J. Plankton Res. 18, 18371849 . DOI: 10.1093/plankt/18.10.1837
Johnk KD, Huisman J, Sharples J, Sommeijer B,Visser PM, Stroom JM. 2008. Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria . Glob Chang Biol., 14:495512. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01510.x
Hansen PJ, Calado AJ. 1999. Phagotrophic mechanisms and prey selection in free-living dinoflagellates. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 146, 382389. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550- 7408.1999.tb04617.x
Howarth RW. 1988. Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annu Rev Ecol 19: 89-110 . Jacobson DM, Anderson DM. 1986. The cate heterotrophic dinoflagellates: feeding behaviour and mechanisms. J. Phycol. 22: 249258.
Kiorboe T. 1993. Turbulence, phytoplankton cell size and the structure of pelagic food webs. Adv. Mar. Biol. 29, 172. Kutlu B, Sunlu FS, Buyukisik HB. 2012. Carrying capacity of Chaetoceros gracilis in Homa Lagoon and the bay of Izmir. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol.11: 3197-320. DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2460
Levasseur ME, Therriault JC, Legendre L. 1984. Hierarchical control of phytoplankton succession by physical factors. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 19: 211222 .
Livingston RJ. 2002. Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems: Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries. CRC Press- Boca Raton, FL .
Macedo MF, Duarte, Mendes P, Ferreira JG. 2001. Annual variation of environmental variables, phytoplankton species composition and photosynthetic parameters in a coastal lagoon. J. Plankton Res.23:719732.DOI: 10.1093/plankt/23.7.719 Maranon E, Fernandez E, Anadon R. 1995. Patterns macromolecular sythesis by natural phytoplankton assemblages under changing upwelling regimes: in siu observations and microcosm experiment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology andEcology, 188:1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)00177-F
Malone TC, Conley DJ, Fisher TR, Gilbert PM, Harding LW, Sellner KG.1996. Scales of nutrientlimited phytoplankton productivity in Cheasapeake Bay. Estuaries 19: 371- 385.DOI:10.2307/1352457
McComb AJ.1995. Eutrophic Shallow Estuaries and Lagoons. CRC Press - Boca Raton, FL.
Montagnes DJS, Franklin DJ. 2001. Effect of temperature on diatom volume, growth rate, and carbon and nitrogen content: reconsidering some paradigms. Limnol. Oceanogr., 46.
Oviatt C, Doering P,Nowicki B, Reed, LJ, Frithsen C.J. 1995. An ecosystem level experiment on nutrient limitation in temperate coastal marine environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 116: 171179.
Pennock JR, Sharp JH. 1994. Temporal alteration between light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production in a coastal plain estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog.Ser.111:257- 88.DOI:10.1007/978-1-4899-0762-2_62
Pitcher GC, Bolton PC, Hutchings BL. 1993. The development of phytoplankton blooms in upwelled waters of the southern Benguela upwelling system as deter- mined by microcosm experiments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 165: 171189.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022- 0981(93)90104-V
Rudek J, Paerl HW, Mallin MA, Bates PW.1991. Seasonal and hdyrological control of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the lower Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 75: 133-42.
Sakka A, Legendre L, Gosselin M, LeBlanc B, Delesalle B, Price NM.1999. Nitrate, phosphate, and iron limitation of phytoplankton assemblage in the lagoon of Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia). Aquat. Microb. Ecol,. 19: 14916.DOI:10.3354/ame019149
Sarthou G, Timmermans KR, Blain S, Tr guer P.2005. Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review. Journal of Sea Research, 53: 25- 42.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.007
Smith SV.1984. Phosphorus versus nitrogen limitation in the marine environment. Limnol Oceanogr., 29: 1149-1160. Sommer U. 1996. Nutrient competition experiments with periphyton from the Baltic Sea. Mar. Ecol.- Prog. Ser., 140, 161167.DOI :10.3354/meps140161
Strickland JDH, Parsons TR.1972. A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analyses Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
Tang EPY.1995. The allometry of algal growth rates. Journal of Plankton Research, 17: 1325 - 1335. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/17.6.1325
Wood ED, Armstrong FAJ, Richards FA.1967.Determination of nitrate in seawater by cadmiumcopper reduction to nitrite. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc., 47: 2331.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002531540003352X