BENGÜ TÜRKYILMAZ ÜNAL, Oğuzhan MENTİŞ, ETHEM AKYOL

Elma Bitkisi (Malus domestica L.)'nde Foliar Uygulanan Salisilik Asitin Donmaya Karşı Etkileri

Türkiye ve dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yeri olan elmanın donma zararına direncini artırmayı, verim ve kalitesini yükseltmeyi amaçladığımız çalışmamızda elma (Malus domestica L.) bitkilerinde fenolojik ve morfolojik gözlemler ile fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Bu bitkinin donma stresine karşı gösterdiği adaptasyon ile kalite ve verimi üzerine foliar salisilik asitin (0, 500 ppm/bitki ve 1000 ppm/bitki) etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yaprakta fotosentetik pigment içerikleri, total protein miktarı, prolin miktarı ile süperoksit dismutaz ve peroksidaz enzim aktiviteleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışma tesadüfi deneme desenine göre planlanmış ve verilerin istatistik analizleri SPSS paket programıyla (LSD testi) yapılmıştır. Elma bitkilerinin sürgün ve meyve sayılarının 500 ppm salisilik asit uygulamalarında, meyve ağırlıklarının ise 500 ppm ve 1000 ppm salisilik asit uygulamalarında kontrol grubuna göre artış gösterdiği, aynı zamanda uygulama gruplarında elma renklerinin de koyulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Kla, klb, toplam kl, prolin, süperoksit dismutaz ve peroksidaz miktarları uygulama gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre istatistiki açıdan önemli derecede artmıştır. Karotenoid ve protein miktarlarında meydana gelen artışlar ise istatistiki açıdan önemli değildir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında foliar salisilik asit uygulamalarının elma bitkisinde donma stresinin etkilerini azalttığı, verim ve kaliteyi artırdığı saptanmıştır.

Effects of Foliar Treatments of Salicylic Acid on Apple (Malus domestica L.) Against Freezing

In our study we aim to increase frost resistance and improve the yield and quality of apple is important in Turkey and world economy. Phenological and morphological observations, physiological and biochemical analyzes were carried out in apple (Malus domestica L.) plants. It was studied to determine the effects of foliar Salicylic acid (0, 500 ppm/plant and 1000 ppm/plant) on adaptation of this plant when exposed to freezing stress, the quality and yield. Leaf photosynthetic pigment contents, total protein amount, proline amount, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were measured. The study planned by random experimental design and statistical analysis of data with SPSS program (LSD test) were made. It was determined that fruit and shoot numbers were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm salicylic acid and while fruit weights were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm and 1000 ppm salicylic acid compared to the control. Also, colour of plants were darkened. Chla, chlb, total chl, proline, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase amounts were increased significantly compared to the control group. Increases occured in the carotenoid and the protein amounts are not significant statistically. In the light of obtained data, foliar application of salicylic acid were found to reduce the effects of freezing stress and to increase the yield and quality of apple plants.

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