TUNHAN DEMİRCİ, Pınar ÖZDAMAR, NİLGÜN GÖKTÜRK BAYDAR

Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler ile Sebzelerde Kök Kaynaklı Sekonder Metabolitlerin Üretiminin Artırılmasına Yönelik In Vitro Uygulamalar

İlaç, gıda, kozmetik, parfümeri ve tarımsal mücadele sanayinde önem kazanan sekonder metabolitler bitkilerde kök, sürgün, yaprak, tohum gibi farklı organlarda sentezlenirler. Bu bileşikler bitkilerde çok düşük düzeylerde sentez edildiklerinden yükte hafif, sağlamış olduğu geniş kullanım alanları, etkinlikleri ve ekonomik önemleri ile de pahada ağır olan bileşiklerdir. Bitki köklerinde bulunan sekonder metabolitlerin geleneksel yöntemlerle elde edilmesi, bu bitkilerin doğadan ya da kültür ortamlarından sökümlerine ve değişik yöntemlerle izole edilmelerine dayanmaktadır. Doğadan bitki sökümleri gen kaynaklarının yok olmasına neden olduğu gibi, arazi ve iklim koşullarındaki zorluk ve farklılıklar, metabolit verim ve kalitesindeki farklılıklar ile fazla işgücü gerektirmesi gibi önemli sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha ekonomik, yüksek verim ve kalitede metabolit üretimini sağlayacak yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmuş ve böylece in vitro teknikler önem kazanmıştır. Bu derleme ile sonraki çalışmalara yol göstermesi için kök kaynaklı sekonder metabolitlerin üretimini artırıcı in vitro uygulamalar hakkında bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

In vitro Applications for the Increasing of Root-Related Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants and Vegetables

Secondary metabolites, gaining importance in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, perfumery, food industry and agrarian struggle, are synthesized in different organs such as root, leaves, shoot and seed in plants. These compounds are defined as light in bulk because of the low synthesis rate but high in value because of the wide range of applications, activities and economic values. Obtaining of the secondary metabolites found in roots by conventional methods is based on dismantling of these plants from the nature or the cultural field and isolating by the different methods. Detachment of plants from nature causes the loss of genetic resources. And it has some difficulties as the challenges and differences in terrain and climate conditions, low metabolite yield and quality and more labor. Thus a new approaches is needed to enable more economic, higher metabolite yield and quality compared to the conventional methods. Therefore, in vitro techniques have gained importance. With this review, it was aimed to inform in vitro applications used to increase root-related secondary metabolites production in order to guide future researches.

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