Artan Dozlarda Magnezyum Sülfat Uygulamalarının Tütün Bitkisinin Yaprak Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, Tokat/Erbaa ve Tokat/Kazova lokasyonlarında tarla koşullarında 2017 yılında topraktan artan dozlarda (0, 3, 6 ve 9 kg da-1) MgSO4 uygulamalarının Xanthi 81 tütün çeşidinin yaprak verimi, kalitesi ile yaprağın bazı kimyasal (Mg, S, N, K, P, nikotin, şeker, klorogenik ve rutin konsantrasyonu) içeriklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş olup, hasat olgunluğuna gelen yapraklar üç elde hasat edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulaması ile Erbaa ve Kazova lokasyonlarında yetiştirilen tütün çeşidinin yaprak veriminde artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Yaprak veriminde ortaya çıkan artış en fazla MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda görülmüş ve bu artış Erbaa lokasyonunda %22, Kazova lokasyonunda ise %6,4 düzeyinde olmuştur. Artan MgSO4 uygulamaları ile yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu, en fazla artışın yaprak veriminde olduğu gibi MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda olduğu görülmüştür. Tütün için çok önemli bir alkaloid bileşeni olan nikotin konsantrasyonu MgSO4 uygulaması ile her iki lokasyonda da azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulamalarının tütün yaprağının veriminde artışa neden olduğu, yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında artışa, nikotin konsantrasyonlarında ise azalmaya neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The Effect of Increasing Doses of Magnesium Sulphate Applications on Leaf Yield and Quality of Tobacco Plant

This research was carried out to determine the effects of fertilizers with MgSO4 applied in the increasing amounts (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg da-1) on the leaf yield, leaf quality and some chemical (Mg, S, N, P, K, nicotine, sugar, chlorogenic and rutin concentration) parameters of tobacco in the field conditions of Tokat/Erbaa and Tokat/Kazova locations in 2017 year. The research was established in three replications according to the randomized block design, and the leaves that reached the harvest maturity were harvested in three hands. According to the results, with increasing doses of MgSO4 application, there was an increase in the leaf yield of the tobacco cultivar grown in Erbaa and Kazova locations. The increase in leaf yield was seen at the dose of 6 kg da-1 of MgSO4 and this increase was 22% in Erbaa location and 6.4% in Kazova location. It was observed that increasing MgSO4 applications caused statistically significant increases in leaf Mg and S concentrations, and the highest increase was observed in the leaf yield at a dose of 6 kg da-1. Nicotine concentration, which is a very important alkaloid component for tobacco, caused a decrease in both locations with MgSO4 application. The results revealed that increasing doses of MgSO4 caused an increase in the yield of tobacco leaves, an increase in leaf Mg and S concentrations, and a decrease in nicotine concentrations.

PDF

___

Aydemir O. 1992. Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği, Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları. No:734, Erzurum, 247 s.
Ballari MH. 2005. Tabaco Virginia: Aspectos ecofisiológicos de la nutrición en condiciones de cultivo. Editorial Alejandro Graziani, Cordoba, Argentina.
Borrowski J, Szwonek E. 1992. Effect of magnesium fertilization on the yield of greenhouse tomatoes, occurrence of blossom end rot and plant nutritional status. 78, (5): 200-205, Instytute Warzywnictua Skierniewice, Poland.
Bremner JM. 1965. Total nitrogen. In C.A. Black et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Am. Soc. of Agron., Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Part 2. Agron. 9, 1149-1178.
Cakmak I, Yazici AM. 2010. Magnesium: a forgotten element in crop production. Better crops, 94:(2), 23-25.
Ceylan Y, Kutman UB, Mengutay M, Cakmak I. 2016. Magnesium applications to growth medium and foliage affect the starch distribution, increase the grain size and improve the seed germination in wheat. Plant and soil, 406:(1-2), 145-156.
Dominiak P, Kees F, Grobecker H. 1984. Changes in peripheral and central catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons of rats after acute and subacute administration of nicotine. Klinische Wochenschrift, 62, 76-80.
El-Sayed GS. 2005. Effect of Nitrogen and Magnesium Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Two Sugar Beet Varieties. Egyptian J. of Agric. Res., 83(2): 709-724.
FAO. 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data
Hecht-Buchholtz C, Schuster J. 1987. Responses of Al-tolerant Dayton and AlSensitive Kearney Barley Cultivars to Calcium And Magnesium During Al Stress, Plant and Soil, 99, 47-61.
Hermans C, Giles N, Johnson Reto J, Verbruggen S. 2004. Physiological characterisation of magnesium deficiency in sugar beet: acclimation to low magnesium differentially affects photosystems I and II, Planta, 220 (2), 344-355.
Kacar B, İnal A. 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yay., ISBN 978-605-395-036-3.
Kapoor D, Rattan A, Bhardwaj R, Kaur S, Manoj AG. 2016. Antioxidative defense responses and activation of phenolic compounds in Brassica juncea plants exposed to cadmium stress. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 10(04):228-234.
Karaconji IB. 2005. Facts about nicotine toxivity. Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol., 56: 363-371
Kashinath BL, Ganesha AN, Murthy Senthivel T, James PG, Sadashiva AT. 2013. Effect of applied magnesium on yield and quality of tomato in Alfisols of Karnataka. J. Hortic. Sci. 8: (1), 55–59. doi: 10.4239/ wjd.v4.i4.157.
Kınay A. 2018. Effects of cadmium on nicotine, reducing sugar and phenolic contents of Basma tobacco variety. Fresenius Environmetal Bulletin, 27: 9195-9202.
Kınay A. 2020. Agronomic and chemical properties of hybrid oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines and their stabilities. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 90(5): 874-878.
Klein LB, Chandra S, Mondy NI. 1981. Effect of magnesium fertilization on the quality of potatoes. Yield, discoloration, phenols, and lipids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 29(2): 384-387.
Kurt D. 2019. Genotype x environment interactions of basma type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines selescted for superior characterstics. Phd Thesis, Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokat.
Mahdi B, Yasser E, Abolfazl T, Ahmad A. 2012. Efficacy of different iron, zinc and magnesium fertilizers on yield and yield components of barley. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 6:(28), 5754–5756.
Marschner H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London GB.
Marschner H. 2008. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Digital Print. Academic Press., pp. 889.
Marschner P. 2012. Marschner"s mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd edn (Netherlands: Amsterdam).
Nedim O, Damla BO. 2015. Effect of Mg fertilization on some plant nutrient interactions and nut quality properties in Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Sci. Res. Essays 10:(14), 465–470.
Neuhaus C, Geilfus CM, Mühling KH. 2014. Increasing root and leaf growth and yield in Mg‐deficient faba beans (Vicia faba) by MgSO4 foliar fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177:(5), 741-747.
Orlovius K, McHoul J. 2015. Effect of two magnesium fertilizers on leaf magnesium concentration, yield, and quality of potato and sugar beet. J. Plant Nutr. 38:(13), 2044–2054. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2014.958167.
Palkovics AS, Vojnich Z. 2014. Effect of nitrogen and magnesium nutrition on the lobeline production of İndian Tobacco (Lobelia Inflata L.). Lucrări Științifice Management Agricol, 16:(2), 59.
Papenbrock J, Mock HP, Tanaka R, Kruse E. Grimm B. 2000. Role of Magnesium Chelatase Activity in the Early Steps of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway, Plant Physiology, 1104.
Pinkerton A. 1972. Recovery of flue-cured tobacco from magnesium deficiency: changes in leaf magnesium content and effects on leaf quality. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 23, 641-649.
Reed TD, Johnson CS, Semtner PJ, Wilkinson CA. 2011. Flue-cured Tobacco Production Guide, 2012.
Rojo LW. 2008. Guía de manejo nutrición vegetal de especialidad: tabaco. SQM, Santiago.
Sepehr E, Malakouti MJ, Rasouli MH. 2002. The Effect of K, Mg, S and Micronutrients on the Yield and Quality of Sunflower in Iran. 17th WCSS, 14-21 August 2002, Thailand, Symposium 4, pp. 2260.
Silva HP, Brandao JDS, Neves JMG, Sampaio RA, Duarte RF. 2010. Physical quality of sunflower seeds produced in doses of sewage sludge. Qualidade física de sementes de girassol produzido sob doses de lodo de esgoto. Revista Verde de Agroecologia esenvolvimento Sustentável, 5(1): 1-6.
Smith W. 2009. Managing nutrients. pp. 58-81. In: Flue-cured tobacco guide. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Sönmez K, Ellialtıoğlu ŞŞ. 2017. O-11 Solanaceae Familyasındaki Sekonder Metabolitler ve Nikotin Hakkın-da Bir İnceleme. 20-23 September 2017 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 44.
Wang Z, Hassan MU, Nadeem F, Wu L, Zhang F, Li X. 2020. Magnesium Fertilization improves crop yield in most production systems: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1727.
Yurtsever N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotları. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 121, Teknik Yayın No: 56, Ankara.
Zengin M, Gökmen F, Yazıcı MA Gezgin S. 2008. Effects of different fertilizers with potassium and magnesium on the yield and quality of potato, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20: (1), 663-676.