Temel Yükleme Hatasının Değişik Yaş ve İki Alt Kültürde İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmada, bir davranışa yol açabilecek belirgin çevresel (dışsal) nedenlerin bulunduğu durumlarda bile, bu davranışın kişisel (içsel) etkenlerle açıklanması şeklinde bir eğilim olarak tanımlanan temel yükleme hatasının kültüre bağlı olup olmadığı gelişimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 7, 12, 15 ve 19 yaşlarında, yarısının ana-babası ilkokul, yarısının üniversite mezunu olan 96 katılımcı ile görüşülmüştür. İmamoğlu (1987; 1998) ve Kağıtçıbaşı’nın (1996) görüşlerinden hareketle ana-babası ilkokul mezunu olan katılımcıların toplulukçu, üniversite mezunu olan katılımcıların ise toplulukçu ve bireyci kültür dışındaki bir üçüncü kültür boyutunu temsil edecekleri düşünülmüştür. Görüşmelerde katılımcılardan tanıdıkları bir kişi tarafından sergilenen olumlu bir davranışı hatırlamaları ve bu davranışı niçin yapmış olabileceğini açıklamaları istenmiştir. Görüşmeler kaydedilmiş ve daha sonra içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular 7 ve 12 yaş gruplarının davranış nedenlerine ilişkin açıklamalarda içsel ya da dışsal nedenlerin kullanımı açısından ana-babanın eğitim düzeyine bağlı bir farklılığın bulunmadığını, 15 ve 19 yaş gruplarında ise ana-babası üniversite mezunu olanların içsel nedenleri daha fazla kullandıklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca bulgular ana-baba eğitiminden bağımsız olarak içsel nedenlerin kullanım oranlarının yaşa bağlı olarak artması şeklinde genel bir eğilimin olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

yaş grupları

A Developmental Investigation of Fundamental Attribution Error in Two Subcultures

The impact of culture on fundamental attribution error-the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon other’ behavior- was explored in a developmental context. Four groups of subjects on the bases of their ages and parent’ educational levels participated in the study. The age groups were 7, 12, 15 and 19. In each age group half of the subjects’ parent were primary school graduate and the other half were university graduates Based on ‹mamao¤lu (1987; 1998) and Ka¤›tç›bafl›’s (1996) studies it was assumed that participants with different parental educational levels would represent different cultural dimensions. Subjects were asked the recall one positive behavior performed by a person they know and then to explain why this particular person acted so. Interviews were tape-recorded, content analyzed and the proportions of the subjects’ references to internal (dispositional) and external (situational) causes in their explanations were calculated. The results show that the subject whose parents were university graduates gave greater weight to internal factors in their explanation than did the subjects whose parents were primary school graduates. As to the effect of age, it was found that the proportion of internal causal factors used to explain behavior increased with age.

Keywords:

age groups,

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