Anemi, transfüzyon ve kanama kalp cerrahisinde bağımsız olarak komplikasyon ve mortalite riskini artırır. Hasta kan yönetiminin başlıca amacı perioperatif dönemde aneminin tedavisi, kanamanın önlenmesi ve kan ürünü kullanımının optimize edilmesidir. Bu programın yararı birçok çalışmada kanıtlanmış olup, kullanımı birçok mesleki dernek tarafından önemle önerilmektedir. Bu uzlaşı raporu, Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği’nin çalışma grubu üyeleri tarafından hasta kan yönetimine ilişkin farkındalığı artırmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu raporda, kalp cerrahisinde perioperatif dönemde kan koruyucu stratejilerin tümüne ilişkin öneriler özetlenmiştir.
Anemia, transfusion and bleeding independently increase therisk of complications and mortality in cardiac surgery. Themain goals of patient blood management are to treat anemia,prevent bleeding, and optimize the use of blood productsduring the perioperative period. The benefit of this program hasbeen confirmed in many studies and its utilization is stronglyrecommended by professional organizations. This consensusreport has been prepared by the authors who are the taskmembers appointed by the Turkish Society of CardiovascularSurgery, Turkish Society of Cardiology (TSC), and Society ofCardio-Vascular-Thoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care toraise the awareness of patient blood management. This reportaims to summarize recommendations for all perioperative bloodconservingstrategies in cardiac surgery. "> [PDF] Kalp Cerrahisinde Hasta Kan Yönetimine ilişkin Uzlaşı Raporu Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği (GKDAYB) | [PDF] Consensus Report on Patient Blood Management in Cardiac Surgery by Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (TSCVS), Turkish Society of Cardiology (TSC), and Society of Cardio-Vascular-Thoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SCTAIC) Anemi, transfüzyon ve kanama kalp cerrahisinde bağımsız olarak komplikasyon ve mortalite riskini artırır. Hasta kan yönetiminin başlıca amacı perioperatif dönemde aneminin tedavisi, kanamanın önlenmesi ve kan ürünü kullanımının optimize edilmesidir. Bu programın yararı birçok çalışmada kanıtlanmış olup, kullanımı birçok mesleki dernek tarafından önemle önerilmektedir. Bu uzlaşı raporu, Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği’nin çalışma grubu üyeleri tarafından hasta kan yönetimine ilişkin farkındalığı artırmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu raporda, kalp cerrahisinde perioperatif dönemde kan koruyucu stratejilerin tümüne ilişkin öneriler özetlenmiştir. "> Anemi, transfüzyon ve kanama kalp cerrahisinde bağımsız olarak komplikasyon ve mortalite riskini artırır. Hasta kan yönetiminin başlıca amacı perioperatif dönemde aneminin tedavisi, kanamanın önlenmesi ve kan ürünü kullanımının optimize edilmesidir. Bu programın yararı birçok çalışmada kanıtlanmış olup, kullanımı birçok mesleki dernek tarafından önemle önerilmektedir. Bu uzlaşı raporu, Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği’nin çalışma grubu üyeleri tarafından hasta kan yönetimine ilişkin farkındalığı artırmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu raporda, kalp cerrahisinde perioperatif dönemde kan koruyucu stratejilerin tümüne ilişkin öneriler özetlenmiştir.
Anemia, transfusion and bleeding independently increase therisk of complications and mortality in cardiac surgery. Themain goals of patient blood management are to treat anemia,prevent bleeding, and optimize the use of blood productsduring the perioperative period. The benefit of this program hasbeen confirmed in many studies and its utilization is stronglyrecommended by professional organizations. This consensusreport has been prepared by the authors who are the taskmembers appointed by the Turkish Society of CardiovascularSurgery, Turkish Society of Cardiology (TSC), and Society ofCardio-Vascular-Thoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care toraise the awareness of patient blood management. This reportaims to summarize recommendations for all perioperative bloodconservingstrategies in cardiac surgery. ">

Kalp Cerrahisinde Hasta Kan Yönetimine ilişkin Uzlaşı Raporu Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği (GKDAYB)

Anemi, transfüzyon ve kanama kalp cerrahisinde bağımsız olarak komplikasyon ve mortalite riskini artırır. Hasta kan yönetiminin başlıca amacı perioperatif dönemde aneminin tedavisi, kanamanın önlenmesi ve kan ürünü kullanımının optimize edilmesidir. Bu programın yararı birçok çalışmada kanıtlanmış olup, kullanımı birçok mesleki dernek tarafından önemle önerilmektedir. Bu uzlaşı raporu, Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği’nin çalışma grubu üyeleri tarafından hasta kan yönetimine ilişkin farkındalığı artırmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu raporda, kalp cerrahisinde perioperatif dönemde kan koruyucu stratejilerin tümüne ilişkin öneriler özetlenmiştir.

Consensus Report on Patient Blood Management in Cardiac Surgery by Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (TSCVS), Turkish Society of Cardiology (TSC), and Society of Cardio-Vascular-Thoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SCTAIC)

Anemia, transfusion and bleeding independently increase therisk of complications and mortality in cardiac surgery. Themain goals of patient blood management are to treat anemia,prevent bleeding, and optimize the use of blood productsduring the perioperative period. The benefit of this program hasbeen confirmed in many studies and its utilization is stronglyrecommended by professional organizations. This consensusreport has been prepared by the authors who are the taskmembers appointed by the Turkish Society of CardiovascularSurgery, Turkish Society of Cardiology (TSC), and Society ofCardio-Vascular-Thoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care toraise the awareness of patient blood management. This reportaims to summarize recommendations for all perioperative bloodconservingstrategies in cardiac surgery.

___

  • 1. Ranucci M, Baryshnikova E, Castelvecchio S, Pelissero G; Surgical and Clinical Outcome Research (SCORE) Group. Major bleeding, transfusions, and anemia: the deadly triad of cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:478-85.
  • 2. Pagano D, Milojevic M, Meesters MI, Benedetto U, Bolliger D, von Heymann C, et al. 2017 EACTS/EACTA Guidelines on patient blood management for adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:79-111.
  • 3. Kudsioğlu T, Ertugay S, editors. Hasta Kan Yönetiminde Ortak Görüş. Ankara: Sözkesen Matbaacılık; 2019.
  • 4. Sahu S, Hemlata1, Verma A. Adverse events related to blood transfusion. Indian J Anaesth 2014;58:543-51.
  • 5. Wilkerson DK, Rosen AL, Gould SA, Sehgal LR, Sehgal HL, Moss GS. Oxygen extraction ratio: a valid indicator of myocardial metabolism in anemia. J Surg Res 1987;42:629-34.
  • 6. Alghamdi AA, Davis A, Brister S, Corey P, Logan A. Development and validation of Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST) to stratify cardiac surgery patients according to their blood transfusion needs. Transfusion 2006;46:1120-9.
  • 7. Klein AA, Collier T, Yeates J, Miles LF, Fletcher SN, Evans C, et al. The ACTA PORT-score for predicting perioperative risk of blood transfusion for adult cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2017;119:394-401.
  • 8. Ranucci M, Castelvecchio S, Frigiola A, Scolletta S, Giomarelli P, Biagioli B. Predicting transfusions in cardiac surgery: the easier, the better: the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge score. Vox Sang 2009;96:324-32.
  • 9. Vuylsteke A, Pagel C, Gerrard C, Reddy B, Nashef S, Aldam P, et al. The Papworth Bleeding Risk Score: a stratification scheme for identifying cardiac surgery patients at risk of excessive early postoperative bleeding. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;39:924-30.
  • 10. Kristensen KL, Rauer LJ, Mortensen PE, Kjeldsen BJ. Reoperation for bleeding in cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;14:709-13.
  • 11. Ranucci M, Bozzetti G, Ditta A, Cotza M, Carboni G, Ballotta A. Surgical reexploration after cardiac operations: why a worse outcome? Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:1557-62.
  • 12. Ferraris VA, Saha SP, Oestreich JH, Song HK, Rosengart T, Reece TB, et al. 2012 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons guideline on use of antiplatelet drugs in patients having cardiac and noncardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1761-81.
  • 13. Dai L, Mick SL, McCrae KR, Houghtaling PL, Sabik JF 3rd, Blackstone EH, et al. Preoperative anemia in cardiac operation: does hemoglobin tell the whole story? Ann Thorac Surg 2018;105:100-7.
  • 14. Hogan M, Klein AA, Richards T. The impact of anaemia and intravenous iron replacement therapy on outcomes in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;47:218-26.
  • 15. Musallam KM, Tamim HM, Richards T, Spahn DR, Rosendaal FR, Habbal A, et al. Preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2011;378:1396-407.
  • 16. Fowler AJ, Ahmad T, Phull MK, Allard S, Gillies MA, Pearse RM. Meta-analysis of the association between preoperative anaemia and mortality after surgery. Br J Surg 2015;102:1314-24.
  • 17. Klein AA, Collier TJ, Brar MS, Evans C, Hallward G, Fletcher SN, et al. The incidence and importance of anaemia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the UK - the first Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthetists national audit. Anaesthesia 2016;71:627-35.
  • 18. Muñoz M, Acheson AG, Auerbach M, Besser M, Habler O, Kehlet H, et al. International consensus statement on the peri-operative management of anaemia and iron deficiency. Anaesthesia 2017;72:233-47.
  • 19. Muñoz M, Gómez-Ramírez S, Kozek-Langeneker S, Shander A, Richards T, Pavía J, et al. ‘Fit to fly’: overcoming barriers to preoperative haemoglobin optimization in surgical patients. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:15-24.
  • 20. Taner Ş, Ertugay S. Preoperatif antitrombotik tedavilerin düzenlenmesi. In: Ertugay S, editor. Hasta Kan Yönetiminde Ortak Görüş: Ankara: Sözkesen Matbaacılık; 2019. s. 15-41.
  • 21. Gwon HC, Hahn JY, Park KW, Song YB, Chae IH, Lim DS, et al. Six-month versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: the Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study. Circulation 2012;125:505-13.
  • 22. Heestermans AA, van Werkum JW, Zwart B, van der Heyden JA, Kelder JC, Breet NJ, et al. Acute and subacute stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: incidence, predictors and clinical outcome. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:2385-93.
  • 23. Spertus JA, Kettelkamp R, Vance C, Decker C, Jones PG, Rumsfeld JS, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of premature discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy after drug-eluting stent placement: results from the PREMIER registry. Circulation. 2006;113:2803-9.
  • 24. van Werkum JW, Heestermans AA, Zomer AC, Kelder JC, Suttorp MJ, Rensing BJ, et al. Predictors of coronary stentthrombosis: the Dutch Stent Thrombosis Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1399-409.
  • 25. Banerjee S, Angiolillo DJ, Boden WE, Murphy JG, Khalili H, Hasan AA, et al. Use of Antiplatelet Therapy/DAPT for Post-PCI Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:1861-70.
  • 26. Sousa-Uva M, Head SJ, Milojevic M, Collet JP, Landoni G, Castella M, et al. 2017 EACTS Guidelines on perioperative medication in adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:5-33.
  • 27. Sousa-Uva M, Storey R, Huber K, Falk V, Leite-Moreira AF, Amour J, et al. Expert position paper on the management of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Eur Heart J 2014;35:1510-4.
  • 28. Rossini R, Musumeci G, Visconti LO, Bramucci E, Castiglioni B, De Servi S, et al. Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary stents undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: a consensus document from Italian cardiological, surgical and anaesthesiological societies. EuroIntervention 2014;10:38-46.
  • 29. Vivas D, Roldán I, Ferrandis R, Marín F, Roldán V, Tello-Montoliu A, et al. Perioperative and Periprocedural Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: Consensus Document of SEC, SEDAR, SEACV, SECTCV, AEC, SECPRE, SEPD, SEGO, SEHH, SETH, SEMERGEN, SEMFYC, SEMG, SEMICYUC, SEMI, SEMES, SEPAR, SENEC, SEO, SEPA, SERVEI, SECOT and AEU. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2018;71:553-64.
  • 30. Della Corte A, Bancone C, Spadafora A, Borrelli M, Galdieri N, Quintiliano SN, et al. Postoperative bleeding in coronary artery bypass patients on double antiplatelet therapy: predictive value of preoperative aggregometry. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017;52:901-8.
  • 31. Leunissen TC, Janssen PW, Ten Berg JM, Moll FL, Korporaal SJ, de Borst GJ, et al. The use of platelet reactivity testing in patients on antiplatelet therapy for prediction of bleeding events after cardiac surgery. Vascul Pharmacol 2016;77:19-27.
  • 32. Petricevic M, Kopjar T, Biocina B, Milicic D, Kolic K, Boban M, et al. The predictive value of platelet function point-ofcare tests for postoperative blood loss and transfusion in routine cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;63:2-20.
  • 33. Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA, Mayr M, Jaffer AK, Eckman MH, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention o f T hrombosis, 9 th e d: A merican C ollege of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e326S-e50S.
  • 34. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2438-88.
  • 35. O’Donnell MJ, Kearon C, Johnson J, Robinson M, Zondag M, Turpie I, et al. Brief communication: Preoperative anticoagulant activity after bridging low-molecular-weight heparin for temporary interruption of warfarin. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:184-7.
  • 36. Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, Crowther M, Hylek EM, Palareti G. Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e44S-e88S.
  • 37. Chai-Adisaksopha C, Hillis C, Siegal DM, Movilla R, Heddle N, Iorio A, et al. Prothrombin complex concentrates versus fresh frozen plasma for warfarin reversal. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2016;116:879-90.
  • 38. Dhakal P, Rayamajhi S, Verma V, Gundabolu K, Bhatt VR. Reversal of anticoagulation and management of bleeding in patients on anticoagulants. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017;23:410-5.
  • 39. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, Antz M, Diener HC, Hacke W, et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015;17:1467-507.
  • 40. Glund S, Stangier J, van Ryn J, Schmohl M, Moschetti V, Haazen W, et al. Effect of age and renal function on idarucizumab pharmacokinetics and idarucizumabmediated reversal of dabigatran anticoagulant activity in a randomized, double-blind, crossover phase Ib study. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017;56:41-54.
  • 41. Shaw JR, Siegal DM. Pharmacological reversal of the direct oral anticoagulants-A comprehensive review of the literature. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018;2:251-65.
  • 42. Connolly SJ, Crowther M, Eikelboom JW, Gibson CM, Curnutte JT, Lawrence JH, et al. Full study report of andexanet alfa for bleeding associated with factor xa inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1326-35.
  • 43. Ellington TM. A systematic and evidence-based review of published and pending reports of andexanet alfa. J Pharm Pract 2019:897190018822556.
  • 44. Kozek-Langenecker SA. Perioperative coagulation monitoring. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2010;24:27- 40.
  • 45. van Veen JJ, Spahn DR, Makris M. Routine preoperative coagulation tests: an outdated practice? Br J Anaesth 2011;106:1-3.
  • 46. Rock G, Berger R, Bormanis J, Giulivi A, ElSaadany S, Afzal M, et al. A review of nearly two decades in an autologous blood programme: The rise and fall of activity. Transfus Med 2006;16:307-11.
  • 47. Savoia HF, Metz J, Maxwell EL, Hauesler MN, Mellor J, Kiely S. Utilization of preoperative autologous blood donation in elective surgery. ANZ J Surg 2002;72:557-60.
  • 48. Yazer MH, Waters JH. How do I implement a hospital-based blood management program? Transfusion 2012;52:1640-5.
  • 49. Ben Amor I, Rekik T, Louati N, Lahiani W, Rekik H, Peyrard T, et al. Difficulties of the care of public antigen alloimmunization. Transfus Clin Biol 2016;23:103-5.
  • 50. Priye S, Sathyanarayan J, Shivaprakash S, Reddy D. Perioperative management of patient with Bombay blood group undergoing mitral valve replacement. Indian J Anaesth 2015;59:811-3.
  • 51. Gaudino M, Angelini GD, Antoniades C, Bakaeen F, Benedetto U, Calafiore AM, et al. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: 30 years of debate. J Am Heart Assoc 2018;7:e009934.
  • 52. Puskas JD, Martin J, Cheng DC, Benussi S, Bonatti JO, Diegeler A, et al. ISMICS consensus conference and statements of randomized controlled trials of off-pump versus conventional coronary artery bypass surgery. Innovations (Phila) 2015;10:219-29.
  • 53. Bakir I, Casselman FP, Wellens F, Jeanmart H, De Geest R, Degrieck I, Minimally invasive versus standard approach aortic valve replacement: a study in 506 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:1599-604.
  • 54. Falk V, Cheng DC, Martin J, Diegeler A, Folliguet TA, Nifong LW, et al. Minimally invasive versus open mitral valve surgery: a consensus statement of the international society of minimally invasive coronary surgery (ISMICS) 2010. Innovations (Phila) 2011;6:66-76.
  • 55. Sündermann SH, Sromicki J, Rodriguez Cetina Biefer H, Seifert B, Holubec T, Falk V, et al. Mitral valve surgery: right lateral minithoracotomy or sternotomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:1989-95.e4.
  • 56. Cap AP, Beckett A, Benov A, Borgman M, Chen J, Corley JB, et al. Whole blood transfusion. Mil Med 2018(suppl_2);183:44-51.
  • 57. Jobes D, Wolfe Y, O'Neill D, Calder J, Jones L, Sesok- Pizzini D, et al. Toward a definition of “fresh” whole blood: an in vitro characterization of coagulation properties in refrigerated whole blood for transfusion. Transfusion 2011;51:43-51.
  • 58. Manno CS, Hedberg KW, Kim HC, Bunin GR, Nicolson S, Jobes D, et al. Comparison of the hemostatic effects of fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and components after open heart surgery in children. Blood 1991;77:930-6.
  • 59. Valleley MS, Buckley KW, Hayes KM, Fortuna RR, Geiss DM, Holt DW. Are there benefits to a fresh whole blood vs. packed red blood cell cardiopulmonary bypass prime on outcomes in neonatal and pediatric cardiac surgery? J Extra Corpor Technol 2007;39:168-76.
  • 60. Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, O’Connell D, Stokes BJ, Fergusson DA, et al. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;3:CD001886.
  • 61. Ker K, Edwards P, Perel P, Shakur H, Roberts I. Effect of tranexamic acid on surgical bleeding: systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e3054.
  • 62. Myles PS, Smith JA, Forbes A, Silbert B, Jayarajah M, Painter T, et al. Tranexamic acid in patients undergoing coronary-artery surgery. N Engl J Med 2017;376:136-48.
  • 63. Brown JR, Birkmeyer NJ, O'Connor GT. Meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of antifibrinolytic agents in cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007;115:2801-13.
  • 64. Sedrakyan A, Treasure T, Elefteriades JA. Effect of aprotinin on clinical outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:442-8.
  • 65. Howle RC. Is Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Useful in Modern Cardiac Anesthesia? Anesth Analg 2017;124:1013.
  • 66. Barile L, Fominskiy E, Di Tomasso N, Alpìzar Castro LE, Landoni G, De Luca M, et al. Acute normovolemic hemodilution reduces allogeneic red blood cell transfusion in cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesth Analg 2017;124:743-52.
  • 67. Stehling L, Zauder HL. Acute normovolemic hemodilution. Transfusion 1991;31:857-68. 68. Martin E, Hansen E, Peter K. Acute limited normovolemic hemodilution: a method for avoiding homologous transfusion. World J Surg 1987;11:53-9.
  • 69. Finley A, Greenberg C. Review article: heparin sensitivity and resistance: management during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 2013;116:1210-22.
  • 70. Shore-Lesserson L, Baker RA, Ferraris V, Greilich PE, Fitzgerald D, Roman P, et al. STS/SCA/AmSECT clinical practice guidelines: Anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Extra Corpor Technol 2018;50:5-18.
  • 71. Koster A, Fischer T, Praus M, Haberzettl H, Kuebler WM, Hetzer R, et al. Hemostatic activation and inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass: impact of heparin management. Anesthesiology 2002;97:837-41.
  • 72. Task Force on Patient Blood Management for Adult Cardiac Surgery of the European Association for Cardio- Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA), Boer C, Meesters MI, Milojevic M, Benedetto U, Bolliger D, et al. 2017 EACTS/EACTA Guidelines on patient blood management for adult cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018;32:88-120.
  • 73. Teoh KH, Young E, Blackall MH, Roberts RS, Hirsh J. Can extra protamine eliminate heparin rebound following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:211-9.
  • 74. Boer C, Meesters MI, Veerhoek D, Vonk ABA. Anticoagulant and side-effects of protamine in cardiac surgery: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2018;120:914-27.
  • 75. Selleng S, Selleng K, Wollert HG, Muellejans B, Lietz T, Warkentin TE, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients requiring prolonged intensive care unit treatment after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:428-35.
  • 76. Thielmann M, Bunschkowski M, Tossios P, Selleng S, Marggraf G, Greinacher A, et al. Perioperative thrombocytopenia in cardiac surgical patients - incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, morbidities and mortality. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:1391-5.
  • 77. Crowther MA, Cook DJ, Albert M, Williamson D, Meade M, Granton J, et al. The 4Ts scoring system for heparininduced thrombocytopenia in medical-surgical intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care 2010;25:287-93.
  • 78. Lubenow N, Eichler P, Lietz T, Farner B, Greinacher A. Lepirudin for prophylaxis of thrombosis in patients with acute isolated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia:an analysis of 3 prospective studies. Blood 2004;104:3072-7.
  • 79. Wallis DE, Workman DL, Lewis BE, Steen L, Pifarre R, Moran JF. Failure of early heparin cessation as treatment for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med 1999;106:629-35.
  • 80. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. A 14-year study of heparininduced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med 1996;101:502-7.
  • 81. Russell JA, Navickis RJ, Wilkes MM. Albumin versus crystalloid for pump priming in cardiac surgery: metaanalysis of controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004;18:429-37.
  • 82. Bhaskaran K, Arumugam G, Vinay Kumar PV. A prospective, randomized, comparison study on effect of perioperative use of chloride liberal intravenous fluids versus chloride restricted intravenous fluids on postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries. Ann Card Anaesth 2018;21:413-8.
  • 83. Hahn RG, Lyons G. The half-life of infusion fluids: An educational review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2016;33:475-82.
  • 84. Protsyk V, Rasmussen BS, Guarracino F, Erb J, Turton E, Ender J. Fluid management in cardiac surgery: results of a survey in european cardiac anesthesia departments. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017;31:1624-9.
  • 85. Jacob M, Fellahi JL, Chappell D, Kurz A. The impact of hydroxyethyl starches in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Crit Care 2014;18:656.
  • 86. Qureshi SH, Rizvi SI, Patel NN, Murphy GJ. Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients. Br J Surg 2016;103:14-26.
  • 87. Rasmussen KC, Secher NH, Pedersen T. Effect of perioperative crystalloid or colloid fluid therapy on hemorrhage, coagulation competence, and outcome: A systematic review and stratified meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e4498.
  • 88. Durukan AB, Gürbüz HA, Durukan E, Salman N, Tavlaşoğlu M, Serter FT, et al. An evaluation of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 use in fluid therapy following coronary artery surgery. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2013;21:276-83.
  • 89. Perel P, Roberts I, Ker K. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;2:CD000567.
  • 90. Schramko A, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Niemi T, Pesonen E, Kuitunen A, Raivio P, et al. The use of balanced HES 130/0.42 during complex cardiac surgery; effect on blood coagulation and fluid balance: a randomized controlled trial. Perfusion 2015;30:224-32.
  • 91. Ryhammer PK, Tang M, Hoffmann-Petersen J, Leonaviciute D, Greisen J, Storebjerg Gissel M, et al. Colloids in cardiac surgery-friend or foe? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017;31:1639-48.
  • 92. Shaw A, Raghunathan K. Fluid management in cardiac surgery: colloid or crystalloid? Anesthesiol Clin 2013;31:269-80.
  • 93. Momeni M, Nkoy Ena L, Van Dyck M, Matta A, Kahn D, Thiry D, et al. The dose of hydroxyethyl starch 6% 130/0.4 for fluid therapy and the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A retrospective matched study. PLoS One 2017;12:e0186403.
  • 94. Besser MW, Klein AA. The coagulopathy of cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2010;47:197-212.
  • 95. Despotis GJ, Avidan MS, Hogue CW Jr. Mechanisms and attenuation of hemostatic activation during extracorporeal circulation. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72:S1821-31.
  • 96. Mart Bakır Ö, Özer Z, Eskandari G, Sucu N. Kalp cerrahisinde kan transfüzyonu için belirleyici olabilecek preoperatif değişkenler. Göğüs Kalp Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği Dergisi 2012;3:57-62.
  • 97. Anastasiadis K, Murkin J, Antonitsis P, Bauer A, Ranucci M, Gygax E, et al. Use of minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery: principles, definitions and potential benefits. A position paper from the Minimal invasive Extra-Corporeal Technologies international Society (MiECTiS). Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016;22:647-62.
  • 98. Anastasiadis K, Antonitsis P, Haidich AB, Argiriadou H, Deliopoulos A, Papakonstantinou C. Use of minimal extracorporeal circulation improves outcome after heart surgery; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol 2013;164:158-69.
  • 99. Gunaydin S, Sari T, McCusker K, Schonrock U, Zorlutuna Y. Clinical evaluation of minimized extracorporeal circulation in high-risk coronary revascularization: impact on air handling, inflammation, hemodilution and myocardial function. Perfusion 2009;24:153-62.
  • 100. Harling L, Warren OJ, Martin A, Kemp PR, Evans PC, Darzi A, et al. Do miniaturized extracorporeal circuits confer significant clinical benefit without compromising safety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ASAIO J 2011;57:141-51.
  • 101. Sun P, Ji B, Sun Y, Zhu X, Liu J, Long C, et al. Effects of retrograde autologous priming on blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in adults: a meta-analysis. Perfusion 2013;28:238-43.
  • 102. Saczkowski R, Bernier PL, Tchervenkov CI, Arellano R. Retrograde autologous priming and allogeneic blood transfusions: a meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009;8:373-6.
  • 103. Blaudszun G, Butchart A, Klein AA. Blood conservation in cardiac surgery. Transfus Med 2018;28:168-80.
  • 104. Damgaard S, Nielsen CH, Andersen LW, Bendtzen K, Tvede M, Steinbrüchel DA. Cell saver for on-pump coronary operations reduces systemic inflammatory markers: a randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:1511-7.
  • 105. Gäbel J, Westerberg M, Bengtsson A, Jeppsson A. Cell salvage of cardiotomy suction blood improves the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:506-11.
  • 106. Olmos Rodríguez M, Ballester Hernández JA, Arteta Bárcenas MT, Rodríguez Cerezo A, Vidarte Ortiz de Artiñano MA, Veiga Alameda C. Effect of priming solution and ultrafiltration on post-operative bleeding and blood transfusion in cardiac surgery. Randomized controlled trial. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2015;62:81-9.
  • 107. Torina AG, Silveira-Filho LM, Vilarinho KA, Eghtesady P, Oliveira PP, Sposito AC, et al. Use of modified ultrafiltration in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with inflammatory modulation and less postoperative blood loss: a randomized and controlled study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:663-70.
  • 108. Boodhwani M, Williams K, Babaev A, Gill G, Saleem N, Rubens FD. Ultrafiltration reduces blood transfusions following cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;30:892-7.
  • 109. Mongero LB, Tesdahl EA, Stammers A, Weinstein S. The influence of ultrafiltration on red blood cell transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2019;34:303-9. 110. Casbard AC, Williamson LM, Murphy MF, Rege K, Johnson
  • T. The role of prophylactic fresh frozen plasma in decreasing blood loss and correcting coagulopathy in cardiac surgery. A systematic review. Anaesthesia 2004;59:550-8.
  • 111. Yang L, Stanworth S, Hopewell S, Doree C, Murphy M. Is fresh-frozen plasma clinically effective? An update of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Transfusion 2012;52:1673-86.
  • 112. Gödje O, Gallmeier U, Schelian M, Grünewald M, Mair H. Coagulation factor XIII reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;54:26-33.
  • 113. Bolliger D, Görlinger K, Tanaka KA. Pathophysiology and treatment of coagulopathy in massive hemorrhage and hemodilution. Anesthesiology 2010;113:1205-19.
  • 114. Bilecen S, de Groot JA, Kalkman CJ, Spanjersberg AJ, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ, Moons KG, et al. Effect of Fibrinogen Concentrate on Intraoperative Blood Loss Among Patients With Intraoperative Bleeding During High- Risk Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017;317:738-47.
  • 115. Karkouti K, Callum J, Crowther MA, McCluskey SA, Pendergrast J, Tait G, et al. The relationship between fibrinogen levels after cardiopulmonary bypass and large volume red cell transfusion in cardiac surgery: an observational study. Anesth Analg 2013;117:14-22.
  • 116. Demeyere R, Gillardin S, Arnout J, Strengers PF. Comparison of fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: a randomized study. Vox Sang 2010;99:251-60.
  • 117. Levi M, Cromheecke ME, de Jonge E, Prins MH, de Mol BJ, Briët E, et al. Pharmacological strategies to decrease excessive blood loss in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant endpoints. Lancet 1999;354:1940-7.
  • 118. Wademan BH, Galvin SD. Desmopressin for reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements following cardiac surgery in adults. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014;18:360-70.
  • 119. Gill R, Herbertson M, Vuylsteke A, Olsen PS, von Heymann C, Mythen M, et al. Safety and efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in the setting of bleeding after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2009;120:21-7.
  • 120. Simpson E, Lin Y, Stanworth S, Birchall J, Doree C, Hyde C. Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;3:CD005011.
  • 121. Singh SP, Chauhan S, Choudhury M, Malik V, Choudhary SK. Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery: single-center experience. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014;22:148-54.
  • 122. Samudrala S1. Topical hemostatic agents in surgery: a surgeon's perspective. AORN J 2008;88:S2-11.
  • 123. Spotnitz WD, Burks S. State-of-the-art review: Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives II: Update as well as how and when to use the components of the surgical toolbox. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2010;16:497-514.
  • 124. Abrishami A, Chung F, Wong J. Topical application of antifibrinolytic drugs for on-pump cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 2009;56:202-12.
  • 125. Spotnitz WD. Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives: a practical guide for the surgeon. Am Surg 2012;78:1305-21.
  • 126. Ker K, Beecher D, Roberts I. Topical application of tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD010562.
  • 127. Moss CF, Sinha SR. Neurobiology of echolocation in bats. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2003;13:751-8.
  • 128. Dhir A, Tempe DK. Anemia and patient blood management in cardiac surgery-literature review and current evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018;32:2726-42.
  • 129. Scolletta S, Simioni P, Campagnolo V, Celiento M, Fontanari P, Guadagnucci A, et al. Patient blood management in cardiac surgery: The “Granducato algorithm”. Int J Cardiol 2019;289:37-42.
  • 130. Meesters MI, Koning NJ, Romijn JWA, Loer SA, Boer C. Clinical decision versus thromboelastometry based fresh frozen plasma transfusion in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2017;118:458-9.
  • 131. Green L, Bolton-Maggs P, Beattie C, Cardigan R, Kallis Y, Stanworth SJ, et al. British Society of Haematology Guidelines on the spectrum of fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate products: their handling and use in various patient groups in the absence of major bleeding. Br J Haematol 2018;181:54-67.
  • 132. Pavenski K, Stanworth S, Fung M, Wood EM, Pink J, Murphy MF, et al. Quality of Evidence-Based Guidelines for Transfusion of Red Blood Cells and Plasma: A Systematic Review. Transfus Med Rev 2018 Jun 1. pii: S0887- 7963(18)30017-8.
  • 133. Tayfun G. Kardiyak Cerrahide Transfüzyon Kararı. GKDA Derg 2012;18:27-45.
  • 134. Estcourt LJ, Birchall J, Allard S, Bassey SJ, Hersey P, Kerr JP, et al. Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions. Br J Haematol 2017;176:365-94.
  • 135. Padhi S, Kemmis-Betty S, Rajesh S, Hill J, Murphy MF; Guideline Development Group. Blood transfusion: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2015;351:h5832.
  • 136. Hall TS, Brevetti GR, Skoultchi AJ, Sines JC, Gregory P, Spotnitz AJ. Re-exploration for hemorrhage following open heart surgery differentiation on the causes of bleeding and the impact on patient outcomes. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;7:352-7.
  • 137. Deppe AC, Weber C, Zimmermann J, Kuhn EW, Slottosch I, Liakopoulos OJ, et al. Point-of-care thromboelastography/ thromboelastometry-based coagulation management in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 8332 patients. J Surg Res 2016;203:424-33.
  • 138. Fleming K, Redfern RE, March RL, Bobulski N, Kuehne M, Chen JT, et al. TEG-Directed Transfusion in Complex Cardiac Surgery: Impact on Blood Product Usage. J Extra Corpor Technol 2017;49:283-90.
  • 139. Karkouti K, Callum J, Wijeysundera DN, Rao V, Crowther M, Grocott HP, et al. Point-of-Care Hemostatic Testing in Cardiac Surgery: A Stepped-Wedge Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2016;134:1152-62.
  • 140. Serraino GF, Murphy GJ. Routine use of viscoelastic blood tests for diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathic bleeding in cardiac surgery: updated systematic review and metaanalysis. Br J Anaesth 2017;118:823-33.
  • 141. Fröjd V, Jeppsson A. Reexploration for bleeding and its association with mortality after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;102:109-17.
  • 142. Vivacqua A, Koch CG, Yousuf AM, Nowicki ER, Houghtaling PL, Blackstone EH, et al. Morbidity of bleeding after cardiac surgery: is it blood transfusion, reoperation for bleeding, or both? Ann Thorac Surg 2011;91:1780-90.
  • 143. Grieshaber P, Heim N, Herzberg M, Niemann B, Roth P, Boening A. Active chest tube clearance after cardiac surgery is associated with reduced reexploration rates. Ann Thorac Surg 2018;105:1771-7.
  • 144. Haneya A, Diez C, Kolat P, Suesskind-Schwendi Mv, Ried M, Schmid C, et al. Re-exploration for bleeding or tamponade after cardiac surgery: impact of timing and indication on outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;63:51-7.
  • 145. Ruel M, Chan V, Boodhwani M, McDonald B, Ni X, Gill G, et al. How detrimental is reexploration for bleeding after cardiac surgery? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017;154:927-35.
  • 146. Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86.
  • 147. Kolh P, Windecker S, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;46:517-92.
  • 148. Musleh G, Dunning J. Does aspirin 6 h after coronary artery bypass grafting optimise graft patency? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2003;2:413-5.
  • 149. Becker RC, Bassand JP, Budaj A, Wojdyla DM, James SK, Cornel JH, et al. Bleeding complications with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists clopidogrel and ticagrelor in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2933-44.
  • 150. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1045-57.
  • 151. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2001-15.
  • 152. Deo SV, Dunlay SM, Shah IK, Altarabsheh SE, Erwin PJ, Boilson BA, et al. Dual anti-platelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting: is there any benefit? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg 2013;28:109-16.
  • 153. Hansson EC, Jidéus L, Åberg B, Bjursten H, Dreifaldt M, Holmgren A, et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting-related bleeding complications in patients treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2016;37:189-97.
  • 154. Held C, Asenblad N, Bassand JP, Becker RC, Cannon CP, Claeys MJ, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: results from the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:672-84.
  • 155. Smith PK, Goodnough LT, Levy JH, Poston RS, Short MA, Weerakkody GJ, et al. Mortality benefit with prasugrel in the TRITON-TIMI 38 coronary artery bypass grafting cohort: risk-adjusted retrospective data analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:388-96.
  • 156. van Diepen S, Fuster V, Verma S, Hamza TH, Siami FS, Goodman SG, et al. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Diabetics With Multivessel Disease Undergoing CABG: FREEDOM Insights. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:119-27.
  • 157. Verma S, Goodman SG, Mehta SR, Latter DA, Ruel M, Gupta M, et al. Should dual antiplatelet therapy be used in patients following coronary artery bypass surgery? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Surg 2015;15:112.
  • 158. Patrono C, Coller B, FitzGerald GA, Hirsh J, Roth G. Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004;126(3 Suppl):234S-64S.
  • 159. Savonitto S, D'Urbano M, Caracciolo M, Barlocco F, Mariani G, Nichelatti M, et al. Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent: a phase II study of 'bridging' antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel. Br J Anaesth 2010;104:285-91.
  • 160. Faraoni D, Levy JH, Albaladejo P, Samama CM; Groupe d’Intérêt en Hémostase Périopératoire. Updates in the perioperative and emergency management of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Crit Care 2015;19:203.
  • 161. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1206-14.
  • 162. Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briët E. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulatio 1994;89:635-41.
  • 163. Dentali F, Douketis JD, Lim W, Crowther M. Combined aspirin-oral anticoagulant therapy compared with oral anticoagulant therapy alone among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:117-24.
  • 164. Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Kaatz S, Becker RC, Caprini JA, Dunn AS, et al. Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2015;373:823-33.
  • 165. Jones HU, Muhlestein JB, Jones KW, Bair TL, Lavasani F, Sohrevardi M, et al. Preoperative use of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin increases the incidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding after open-heart surgery in patients who present with an acute coronary syndrome: clinical investigation and reports. Circulation 2002;106:I19-22.
  • 166. Abdul-Jawad Altisent O, Durand E, Muñoz-García AJ, Nombela-Franco L, Cheema A, Kefer J, et al. Warfarin and antiplatelet therapy versus warfarin alone for treating patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016;9:1706-17
  • 167. Iung B, Rodés-Cabau J. The optimal management of antithrombotic therapy after valve replacement: certainties and uncertainties. Eur Heart J 2014;35:2942-9.
  • 168. Machovec KA, Jooste EH. Pediatric transfusion algorithms: Coming to a cardiac operating room near you. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019;33:2017-29.
  • 169. Chakravarthy M. Modifying risks to improve outcome in cardiac surgery: An anesthesiologist’s perspective. Ann Card Anaesth 2017;20:226-33.
  • 170. Goobie SM, Faraoni D, Zurakowski D, DiNardo JA. Association of preoperative anemia with postoperative mortality in neonates. JAMA Pediatr 2016;170:855-62.
  • 171. Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS; Reducing Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery (RBC) Investigators. Risk associated with preoperative anemia in cardiac surgery: a multicenter cohort study. Circulation 2008;117:478-84.
  • 172. Khan Z, Natarajan G, Sallaam S, Bondarenko I, Walters HL, Delius R, et al. Association between anemia and packed cell transfusion and outcomes of ventricular septal defect and atrioventricular canal repair in children. Pediatr Cardiol 2014;35:471-8.
  • 173. Wypij D, Jonas RA, Bellinger DC, Del Nido PJ, Mayer JE Jr, Bacha EA, et al. The effect of hematocrit during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery: results from the combined Boston hematocrit trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:355-60.
  • 174. Thompson LD, McElhinney DB, Findlay P, Miller-Hance W, Chen MJ, Minami M, et al. A prospective randomized study comparing volume-standardized modified and conventional ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;122:220-8.
  • 175. Kwak JG, Park M, Lee J, Lee CH. Multiple approaches to minimize transfusions for pediatric patients in open-heart surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2016;37:44-9.
  • 176. Koster A, Faraoni D, Levy JH. Antifibrinolytic therapy for cardiac surgery: An update. Anesthesiology 2015;123:214-21.
  • 177. Perez-Ferrer A, Vicente-Sanchez J, Carceles-Baron MD, Van der Linden P, Faraoni D. Early thromboelastometry variables predict maximum clot firmness in children undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:896-902.
  • 178. Galas FR, de Almeida JP, Fukushima JT, Vincent JL, Osawa EA, Zeferino S, et al. Hemostatic effects of fibrinogen concentrate compared with cryoprecipitate in children after cardiac surgery: a randomized pilot trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:1647-55.
Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1301-5680
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1991
  • Yayıncı: Bayçınar Tıbbi Yayıncılık
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Mücadele içinde mücadele: At nalı böbrek hastasında Leriche sendromunun cerrahi tedavisi

Serkan YAZMAN, Kadir ARSLAN, Buğra HARMANDAR, Burak Can DEPBOYLU

Heartmate III sol ventrikül destek cihazının outflow greft bükülmesi: Olgu sunumu

Özgür YILDIRIM, Oğuz KONUKOĞLU, Denyan MANSUROĞLU, Shiraslan BAKSHALİYEV, Kenan SEVER, Mehmet BALKANAY

Mitral kapak ameliyatlarında robotik yardımlı ek işlemlerin uygulanabilirliği

Mert DUMANTEPE, Muharrem KOÇYİĞİT, Şahin ŞENAY, Ahmet Ümit GÜLLÜ, Eyüp Murat ÖKTEN, Hasan KARABULUT, Cem ALHAN

Arteriyovenöz fistül oluşturmak için ön kol bazilik ven transpozisyonu: Orta dönem sonuçlarımız

Ömer Faruk ÇİÇEK, Hacı Alper UZUN, Mustafa SEREN

Minimally invasive total arterial off-pump coronary revascularization: A reproducible technique

Sathyaki Nambala

The Hybrid Cardiac Surgeon: Way to go or waste of time?

Simon Suendermann, Joerg Kempfert, Volkmar Falk

Alveolar ekinokokta laparotomi ile pulmoner metastazektomi

Atila EROĞLU, Ali Bilal Ulaş, Gürkan Öztürk, Ömer Topdağı, Yener AYDIN, Ebru Şener

Mitral kapak onarımın dayanıklığı: Tek merkez deneyimi

Salih Salihi, Mustafa Güden

Kalp Cerrahisinde Hasta Kan Yönetimine ilişkin Uzlaşı Raporu Türk Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derneği (TKDCD), Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD) ve Göğüs-Kalp-Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği (GKDAYB)

Türkan Kudsioğlu, Taner Şen, Serkan Ertugay

Plevral hastalıkların tanısında uyanık ve entübasyonlu video-yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahinin karşılaştırılması: Prospektif çok merkezli randomize bir çalışma

Fazlı YANIK, Ali Cevat KUTLUK, Celalettin KOCATÜRK, Ozan USLUER, Serdar, Berkant ÖZPOLAT, Altemur KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU, Hüseyin Ulaş ÇINAR, Cem Emrah KALAFAT, Refik, Burçin ÇELİK, Recep DEMİRHAN, Ezgi CESUR

Academic Researches Index - FooterLogo