Özbekistan’da Tarih Yazıcılığı ve Millî Kimlik:Özbeklerin Göçü ve Timur Örneğinde

Bu çalışmada Özbekistan’ın bağımsızlık sonrasında kurmaya giriştiği tarih anlayışı ve millî ideoloji üstünde durulmuştur. Bağımsız Özbekistan Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş dönemi olarak adlandırılabilecek Kerimov yılları Özbekistan’ın meşruiyetini tarihten alan millî ideolojisinin şekillendiği dönemdir ve bugün de bu temel üstünden devam edilmektedir. Özbekistan’ın toplumsal zihniyetinin ve reflekslerinin kavranması için Kerimov döneminde tarih yardımıyla oluşan millî kimliğin anlaşılması gereklidir. Özbekistan’da tarih yazıcılığının yaklaşımının en temel unsurlarından biri teritoryal (toprak) tarih anlayışıdır. Burada SSCB döneminde başlayan bu yaklaşımın süreklilik kazanmasında kuruluş yıllarında karşılaştığı sorunların da etkisi olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada Kerimov’un kendi değerlendirmelerine dayanarak, bağımsızlık sonrasında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bunlara çözüm olarak ortaya koyduğu devlet milliyetçiliği, tarih yazıcılığıyla ile bağı çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Söz konusu teritoryal tarih anlayışının Özbekistan’daki tarih yazıcılığına etkisini örneklemek için göçebe Özbeklerin günümüz Özbekistan’ına göçlerinin ve göç öncesinde bölgede hâkimiyet kuran Emir Timur’un günümüzde nasıl ele alındığı gösterilecektir. Teritoryal tarih yazıcılığı, tarihin başlangıcından günümüze bir ülkenin sınırları içinde yaşanmış olanları o ülkenin tarihinin parçası olarak kabul ettiğinden, bu anlayış içinde bugün Özbekistan kültürü Türk ve Fars kültürünün bileşimi, Emir Timur ve Timurîler devri altın çağ olarak benimsenmekte, 16. yüzyıl başında günümüz Özbekistan’ına göç eden Özbekler ve geçmişleri ise önemsiz kabul edilmektedir. Bunun önümüzdeki yıllarda da bu şekilde devam etmesi beklenebilir.

Historiography and National Identity in Uzbekistan: On the Example of the Migration of Uzbeks and Timur

This article is about the Uzbekistan’s understanding of history and national ideology, which was sought to be established after the independence. During the Karimov era, what can be categorized as the foundational period of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan, the national ideology was shaped with legitimization through history, and it is pursued on this very foundation today. In order to comprehend Uzbekistan’s social mentality and reflexes, the national identity established during the Karimov era with the support of history needs to be understood. One of the fundamental issues of Uzbekistan’s historiography is the territorial understanding of history. Here, it is argued that one of reasons of the continuity of this understanding - dating back to the Soviet period - is related to the problems Uzbekistan has faced on its foundation. Thus, in this study the problems faced by Uzbekistan on its foundation and solutions will be summarized, as they were represented by Islam Karimov himself in his state nationalism and its relation with historiography. For the purpose of illustrating the effect of the territorial understanding of history onto the historiography in Uzbekistan, it will be exemplified, how the migration of nomadic Uzbeks to recent Uzbekistan, and the rule of Amir Timur – before the migration of Uzbeks – are being presented in recent Uzbekistan. Because the territorial historiography accepts everything from the dawn of history to contemporary times within the boundaries of Uzbekistan as part of its history, the culture of Uzbekistan is to evaluated as an amalgamation of Persian and Turkic cultures and the era of Amir Timur and Timurids as the golden age, while the migration of the Uzbeks, who have migrated to recent Uzbekistan in the 16th century, and their past are considered as insignificant. It can be expected that this acceptance will continue in the future.

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