The Relationship Between Flag Leaf Senescence and Grain Yield of Some Durum Wheat Varieties under Drought Stress During Grain Filling Period

Çalışmada, bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde dane dolum dönemindeki kuraklık stresinde yaprak alan sürekliliği ile dane verimi arasındaki ilişki incelenerek, çeşitler arasında bu unsurlar yönünden herhangi bir farklılığın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, çiçeklenmesi aynı zamanda gerçekleşmiş altı adet çeşitle Antakya/Hatay koşullarında 2009/2010 ve 2010/2011 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme her iki yıl tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı kurulmuştur. Uygulamada sulama seviyeleri ana, çeşitler alt parsellerde yer almıştır. Fosforun tamamı ekimle birlikte (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) tiriple süper fosfat şeklinde toprağa uygulanmıştır. Azot ise amonyum sülfat formunda ve ekim, kardeşlenme ve sapa kalkma dönemlerinde (30+30+20 kg N ha-1) verilmiştir. Sulama uygulaması, fizyolojik oluma kadar sulama (I1: tam sulama-konrtol) ve çiçeklenmeye kadar sulama (I2: WANA: (West Asia North Africa) yağış rejimi) olarak iki farklı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; I1 koşularında bayrak yaprak alanı (BYA), ile başak dane verimi (BDV) arasında önemli ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Benzer sonuç bayrak yaprak alan sürekliği (BYAS) ile dane verimi arasında da gözlenmiştir. I2 koşullarında BYA ile BDV arasındaki ilişki, olumlu olmuştur. Sonuç olarak yüksek BYASye sahip olma, her iki sulama koşulunda da danede madde birikimine olumlu etki yapmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre, kuraklık stresi olmayan koşullarda bitkide yaprak sayısı daha az olan dolayısıyla kısa boylu ve az kardeşlenen, su tresi olan koşullarda ise orta boylu genotip modeli önerilebilir. Ancak her iki koşulda da bitki, bayrak yaprak alanı sürekliliği yönünden yüksek değere sahip olmalıdır.

Bazı Makarnalık Buğday Genotiplerinde Dane Dolum Dönemindeki Kuraklık Stresinde Bayrak Yaprak Yaşlanması ile Tane Verimi İlişkisi

This study aimed at investigating genotypic differences in the leaf area duration of durum wheat genotypes during grain filling periods and their relation to grain yield under two different irrigation conditions. The experiments were designed randomized complete block design for four replication in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Irrigation levels in main plots, cultivars were included in the sub plots. The study gathered data of six genotypes with similar anthesis times in Antakya/Hatay-Turkey. During the growth period, the two groups of plants received general management techniques and 60 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) fertilizer. Two different irrigation regimes were applied; the control group received full irrigation until reaching physiological maturity, while the experiment group was not irrigated after anthesis but instead received rainfall characteristic of WANA (West Asia North Africa). Results showed that flag leaf area (FLA) and lower leaf area (LLA) were not significantly related to spike grain yield (SGY) under control conditions. Flag leaf area duration (FLAD) was not related to grain yield, while the increase in lower leaf area duration (LLAD) reduced grain yield. Meanwhile, a positive relation was observed between FLA and SGY under experimental conditions, since SGY significantly increased according to the increase of FLAD. Moreover, high FLAD positively contributed to grain filling under both the conditions, while high LLAD partly contributed only under control conditions. These results suggest that the genotypes with low leaf number or short plant height and low tillering capacity should receive significant irrigation, while genotypes with middling plant height should be planted during conditions of drought stress. Under both the sets of conditions genotypes must have high FLAD.

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