Ekonomide Bireysellik Hikayesinin Anlatıcısı Kimdi: Mandeville mi yoksa Smith mi?

Bu çalışmada Adam Smith ve Bernard Mandeville'in eserlerinden hareketle bireyciliğin (kişisel çıkarın) tarihsel kökenleri ele alınacaktır. 18. Yüzyıl yazarlarının çoğu, kişisel çıkar peşindeki koşuşturmacanın ahlaki olarak nasıl meşrulaştırılacağı sorusunu cevaplamaya çalışıyorlardı. Bu konudaki çalışmaları ile Smith, ekonomi politiğin bilgi oluşum sürecindeki bireyin inşasından sorumludur. Ancak bu oluşum süreci, "Ulusların Zenginliği" ve "Ahlaki Duygular Kuramı" kitaplarının bütüncül olarak ele alınması sorununu çözmek için yeterli bir cevap hala yaratamamıştır. Bu bağlamda "Ahlaki Duygular Kuramı" genellikle ihmal edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Smith'in birey sunumu "Ulusların Zenginliği" yapısı altında bir prototip ile sınırlandırılmıştır ve iktisat biliminin analitik gereksinimlerine büyük ölçüde uymaktadır. Buna karşın Mandeville'in yarattığı birey iktisadi araştırmada Smith'in bireyinden daha elverişli bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada bu birey prototipinin inşa serüveni Adam Smith ve Bernard Mandeville'in uzlaşıları ve anlaşmazlıkları ile birlikte değerlendirilecektir. İktisatçılar neden Mandeville'in değil de Smith'İn bireyini tercih ettikleri çalışmada cevaplandırılmaya çalışılan temel sorudur.

WHO IS THE NARRATOR OF THE FABLE OF INDIVIDUALITY IN ECONOMICS: MANDEVILLE OR SMITH?

In this study, we try to examine the historical roots of individuality (self-interest) in the works of Adam Smith and Bernard Mandeville. Most of the eighteenth century philosophers were trying to answer, how pursuit of self-interest could be legitimized morally. Smith, thanks to his approaches to this subject, became responsible for the construction of the individual in the process of the production of the knowledge of political economy. But this process still could not offer an adequate answer to the problem of treating "Wealth of Nations" and "Theory of Moral Sentiments" integrally. In this context "Theory of Moral Sentiments" has been ignored. In place of this, Smith's representation of individual is reduced to a prototype which is limited within the framework of "Wealth of Nations" and these suits most with the analytical requirements of the discipline of economics. On the contrary the individual whom Mandeville created seems more convenient than Smith's individual as a tool in analyzing economics. In this study both the adventure of the construction of the individual prototype, which has been mentioned above, and the contributions of Adam Smith and Bernard Mandeville will be evaluated with their agreements and contradictions. The fact that why economics choose the individual of Smith, but not Mandeville is the main question that will be answered in this study.

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