KLASİK VE HELLENİSTİK DÖNEMDE PONTOS BÖLGESİ’NDE ÜRETİM VE TİCARET

Özet: Genel hatlarıyla, Karadeniz’in güney doğu kıyıları olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz Pontos Bölgesi antikçağda bolluk ve bereketiyle ön plana çıkmıştır. Farklı iklimsel özelliklerinden dolayı bölgede birçok endemik, aromatik ve şifalı bitki yetişmiştir. Bölgenin zenginliklerini fark eden Hellenler bu zenginlikleri ana yurtlarına taşımak için bölgeye koloni kentleri kurmuşlar dolayısıyla yeni ticaret rotaları oluşmasını sağlamışlardır. Bu durum madencilik, tarım ve hayvancılık, balıkçılık gibi sektörlerin bölgede gelişmesini ve üretilen malların ticaretinin yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bölgede yetişen ya da üretilen malların tümü ya bölgede işlenmiş ya da ham haliyle dış pazarlarda satışa sunulmuştur. Zamanla Pontos Bölgesi’nin malları antik dünyanın ticaret merkezlerinin aranan ürünleri haline gelmiş, birçok ürün bölgenin adıyla anılır olmuştur. Bu durum bölgenin ticari anlamda öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Pontos Bölgesi’nin tarihi coğrafyası retrospektif bakış açısıyla açıklanarak, bölgede üretilen ve ticareti yapılan ürünler hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında Pontos Bölgesi’nin antik dünya ticaretinin içerisindeki konumu antik yazarlar, arkeolojik materyaller ve numismatik buluntular ışığında ele alınmıştır. Abstract: The Pontos region, said to be located in the south east coast of the Black Sea, came to the forefront with its abundance and fertility. Due to the different climatic characteristics, endemic, aromatic and many medicinal plants were grown in the region. Recognizing the riches of the region, the Hellenes established colonial cities in order to bring these riches to their homeland, thus creating new trade routes. This led to the development of sectors such as mining, agriculture and animal husbandry and fishing and the spread of the trade of the goods produced in the region. All of the goods grown or produced in the region either in the region or processed in the foreign markets were offered for sale. In time, the products of the Pontos Region became the sought-after product of the trade centres of the ancient world, and many products were named after the region. This situation increased the commercial importance of the region. In this study, we have tried to demonstrate and deal with the historical geography of the Pontos Region retrospectively and to give in-depth information about the products manufactured and traded in the region during those periods. Moreover, the position and importance of the Pontos Region in the ancient world trade has been discussed in the light of ancient author works, archaeological materials and numismatic finds.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karadeniz, Balıkçılık, Üretim. Ekonomi

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