A study on the quality changes of cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.,1758) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) under the market conditions

Türkiye'de taze olarak tüketilen kültür levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax, L., 1758) ve çipura (Sparus aurata, L, 1758) balıklarının çoğunun Ege Bölgesi ağ kafeslerinden ve haçeri sistemlerinden sağlandığı bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda; bu çalışmada izmir bölgesinde balıkçı tezgahlarında, marketlerde ve pazarda satılan kültür levrek ve çipura balıklarının tüketim koşullarındaki pH değeri, toplam uçucu temel azot (TVB-N) mg N/100 g, tiyobarbutirik asit sayısı (TBA) mg malonaldehit/kg, serbest formaldehit $(Fa_{ex})$ ve serbest ve bağlı formaldehit $(Fa_{dest})$ rng/kg değişimleri gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal kalite değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Muğla bölgesi ağ kafes işletmesinden strafor kutu içerisinde buzlanarak İzmir'e taşınmış ve restorantta canlı bir vitrinde buzlanmış olarak satışa sunulmuş çipura balıklarında (test materyal A) 1. günde pH değeri 6.35±0.01, TVB-N değeri 23.56±1.63 - mgN/100g, TBA sayısı 1.79±1.39 mg malonaldehit/kg, $FA_{(ex)}$ 1.66±0.09 mg/kg, $FA_{(dest)}$ 0.81±0.42 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş olup, bu değerler 7. gün sonunda sırasıyla 6.55±0.01, 18.2±0.88 mgN/100g; 1.94±0.51 mg malonaldehit/kg, 1.91±0.32 mg/kg, 1.25±0.28 mg/kg olarak saptanmıştır. İzmir (Çeşme) bölgesi haçeri işletmesinden sağlanmış levrek balıklarının; ev tipi buzdolabı koşullarında depolanmasında (test materyal Bı) 1. günde pH, TVB-N, $FA_{(ex)}, F_{(dest)}$ değerleri sırasıyla 6.45±0.03, 17.5±0.76 mgN/100g, 0.35±0.14 mg malonaldehit/kg, 2.33±0.47 mg/kg, 0.59±0.21 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş olup 7. günde bu değerler sırasıyla 6.59±0.02, 20.6±2.17 mgN/100g, 0.19±0.11 mg malonaldehit/kg, 1.72±0.62 mg/kg, 1.87±1.19 mg/kg olarak bulgulanmıştır. Aynı koşullardaki çipura balıklarında (test materyal B2) depolamanın 1. gününde bu değerler sırasıyla 6.37±0.03, 16.56±1.05 mg/100g, 0.40±0.09 mg malonaldehit/kg, 2.43±1.31 mg/kg, 0.90±0.27 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş olup bu değerler 7. gün sırasıyla 6.67±0.12, 26.07±0.67 mgN/100g, 0.73±0.84 mg malonaldehit/kg, 2.08±0.46 mg/kg, 1.03±0.35 mg/kg olarak bulgulanmıştır. İzmir (Çeşme) bölgesi haçeri işletmesinden sağlanmış ve İzmir balıkçı tezgahında satışa sunulmuş çipura balıklarında (test materyal C) 1. günde pH, TVB-N, TBA, $FA_{(ex)} ve FA_{(dest)}$ değerleri 6.45±0.10, 17.15±0.70 mgN/100g, 0.36±0.10 mg malonaldehit/kg, 2.14±0.17 mg/kg, 2.34±0.18 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş olup bu değerler 2. günde 6.44±0.05, 15.4±1.14 mgN/100g, 0.51±0.28 mg malonaldehit/kg, 1.07±0.07 mg/kg, 1.07±0.09 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Muğla bölgesi ağ kafes işletmelerinden sağlanarak ve İzmir'de bir restorantta camlı bir vitrinde buzlanmış olarak tüketime sunulmuş levrek balıklarında (test materyal D) 3. gün sonunda pH, TVB-N, TBA, $FA_{(ex)} ve FA_{(dest)}$ değerleri 6.58±0.02, 18.20±0.88 mgN/100g, 0.37±0.16 mg malonaldehit/kg, 2.48±0.37 mg/kg, 1.06±0.36 mg/kg olarak bulgulanmıştır. Tüm deneme gruplarında depolama günleri sonunda mikrobiyal gelişimin göstergesi olan pH değerleri ve TVB-N değerleri açısından diğer değerlendirilen analiz kriterlerine oranldaha fazla artış saptanmıştır. Deneme balıklarında yağ miktarı sırasıyla (test materyal A, B, ve B2, C, D)' de% 7.16±1.83,% 4.92±1.38,% 6.82±1.42,% 8.00±0.68,% 4.62±70 olarak tespit edilmiş olup, yağ miktarı bakımından zengin türlerdir. Tüm tüketim koşullarında maksimum 7 günlük depolama süresince balıkların çok iyi veya iyi kalite düzeylerini korudukları tespit edilmiştir.

Market koşullarındaki kültür çipura (Sparus aurata L.,1758) ve levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) balıklarının kalite değişimleri üzerine bir çalışma

It is known that most of the Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L., 1758) and Seabream (Spams aurata, L., 1758) that are freshly consumed in Turkey are obtained from the netcages in Ege region and from hatchery systems. In this study, with this fact tken into consideration, physical and chemical quality controls such as pH value, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) mgN/100g, thiobarbyturic acid count (TBA) mg malonadehyde/kg, free Formaldehyde (FAex) and free and linked Formaldehyde (FAdest) mg/kg researched of the Seabream and Seabass under consumption conditions that are sold in fish markets at Izmir region. The established values of Seabream that were frozen in straphor boxes at the net cage foundation of Mugla district before being carried to Izmir and displayed for sale behind a glass window in frozen conditions are as follows : on the first day; the pH value 6.35±0.01, TVB-N value 23.56±1.63 mgN/100g, TBA count 1.79±1.39 mg tnalonaldehyde/kg, $FA_{(ex)}$ 1.66±0.09 mg/kg, $FA_{(dest)}$ 0.81±0.42 mg/kg. At the and of the seventh day, the values are 6.55±0.01, 18.2±0.88 mgN/100g; 1.94±0.51 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 1.91±0.32 mg/kg, 1.25±0.28 mg/kg respectively (test material A). The established values of seabass that were obtained from hatchery foundations in Izmir (Cesme) district and were stored in the same conditions as the house refrigerator are as follows : (test material Bl) On the first day pH, TVB-N, $FA_{(ex)}, FA_{(dest)}$ respectively; 6.45±0.03, 17.5±0.76 mgN/100g, 0.35±0.14 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 2.33±0.47 mg/kg, 0.59±0.21 mg/kg. At the and of the seventh day the values are respectively; 6.59±0.02, 20.6±2.17 mgN/100g, 0.19±0.11 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 1.72±0.62 mg/kg, 1.87±1.19 mg/kg. The values for Seabream that were stored under the same conditions are (test material B2) respectively; on the first day, 6.37±0.03, 16.56±1.05 mg/100g, 0.40±0.09 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 2.43±1.31 mg/kg, 0.90±0.27 mg/kg. At the end of the seventh day, the values are respectively; 6.67±0.12, 26.07±0.67 mgN/100g, 0.73±0.84 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 2.08±0.46 mg/kg, 1.03±0.35 mg/kg. The established values for seabream that were obtained from hatchery foundations in Izmir (Cesme) district and were sold at fish markets in Izmir are as follows: (test material C) On the first day, pH TVB-N, TBA, $Fa_{(ex)} and FA_{(dest)}$ values are respectively; 6.45±0.10, 17.15±0.70 mgN/100g, 0.36±0.10 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 2.14±0.17 mg/kg, 2.34±0.18 mg/kg. At the second day the values are respectively; 6.44±0.05, 15.4il.14 mgN/100g, 0.51±0.28 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 1.07±0.07 mg/kg, 1.07±0.09 mg/kg The established values for Seabass that were obtained from net cage foundation of Mugla district and were displayed for sale behind a glass window in frozen conditions are as follows :(test material D) At the end of the third day pH, TVB-N, TBA, $FA_{(ex)} and FA_{(dest)} values are respectively; 6.58±0.02, 18.20±0.88 mgN/100g, 0.37±0.16 mg malonaldehyde/kg, 2.48±0.37 mg/kg, 1.06±0.36 mg/kg. At the end of the days of storage, in control groups, a higher amount of rise in the pH values and TVB-N values that show the microbic formations, then the other analysed criteria was observed. The recorded oil amounts in control fish were respectively; (test material A, B1, B2, C, D) 7.16±1.83%. 4.92±1.38%, 6.82±1.42%, 8.00±0.68,4.62±70%. The species are all rich in fat amounts. It is recorded that all fish maintain their good or excellent conditions in a maximum of 7 days storage under all consumption conditions.

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