İngiliz Romanının Doğuşu ve Gelişimi

Edebiyat tarihçileri, İngiliz romanının genel olarak 18.yüzyılda doğup geliştiğini ileri sürmektedirler. Ancak, 18.yüzyıldan öncesi İngiliz edebiyatı ve eserler incelendiğinde, romansal özellikler taşıyan bir çok eserin olduğunu görmekte mümkündür. Bu nedenle, İngiliz romanının doğuşu ve gelişimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara biraz daha geniş bir açıdan bakarak, 18.yüzyıl öncesi yazılan bir çok eserin romansal özellikleri ile beraber ele alınarak romanın gelişmesine ve olgunlaşmasına sağladığı katkıyı irdelemek faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, 18.yüzyıl öncesi İngiliz edebiyatında yazılan ve romansal özellikler taşıyan eserleri inceleyerek, İngiliz romanının gelişim ve olgunlaşma sürecini Türk okuyucularına sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, konuyu üç aşamalı bir şekilde ele alacaktır. İlk önce, İngiliz romanın bir edebiyat türü olarak yavaş gelişmesinin nedenleri açıklanmaya çalışılacakatır. İkinci olarak, 18.yüzyıl öncesi yazılan bazı eserlerin vezin (şiir) şeklinde yazılmış olmasına rağmen bir çok romansal özellikler taşıdığını, bu eserlerin 18.yüzyılda İngiliz romanının gelişmesine büyük bir tecrübe, birikim ve altyapı sağladığı görüşü açıklanacaktır. Son olarak da 18.yüzyılda İngiliz romanın yeni bir edebiyat türü olarak gelişmesi, olgunlaşması ve 18 yüzyıl öncesi yazılan eserlerden farkları tartışılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Edebiyat, Şiir, Matbaa, Roman

The Birth And Development of Englısh Novel

Literary historians generally argue that English novel as a new lıterary genre began and developed in the eighteenth century. When some literary works of previous centuries are properly investigated, however, it is possible to see that they may have some characteristics of a novel. Hence it will be useful to enlarge the studies conducted on the novel before the eighteenth century and explore the contribution of those works with their characteristics of a novel to the birth and development of the novel later in the eighteenth century. This study is not an orijinal study but aims to give information to Turkish readers about the developmental process of English novel. The study will examine the issue in three steps. First, it will explain the reasons behind the slow development of the novel before the eighteenth century. Secondly, the study will focus on the view that although majority of literary works are written in the verse form, there are also works written before the eighteenth century, having the characteristics of a novel. Thus, this study will show that the novel as a new genre might have started in the Middle Ages and Renaissance period and then reached its peak in the eighteenth century. Finally, the paper will look at the reasons that enabled English novel to mature in the eighteenth century

Keywords:

Literature, Poetry, Printing Pres, Novella,

PDF

___

Allen, W. (1963). The English Novel: A General Survey of the Novel and the Novelist’s World from Pilgrim’s Progress to Joyce and Lawrence. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Aydın, K. (2005). Entelektüel Yabancılar ve Ölümcül Kimlikler: Saul Bellow ve Sylvia Plath. Erzurum: Eser Ofset Matbaacılık
Beasley, J. C. (1998). Little by Little; or the History of the Early Novel, Now. Studies in the Novel. Vol. 30. no: 2, pp. 287–95.
Berry, F. (1966). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In: B. FORD (ed.), The Pelican Guide to English Literature. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Blake, N. F. (1986). Late Medieval Prose. In: W. F. BOLTON (ed.), Sphere History of English Literature: The Middle Ages. London: Sphere Books Ltd.
Brewer, D. (1983). The Social Context of Medieval English Literature. In: B. FORD (ed.), Medieval English Literature: Chaucer and Alliterative Tradition. Vol. I, no. I. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Burrow, J. A. (1983). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In: B. FORD (ed.), Medieval English Literature: Chaucer and Alliterative Tradition. Vol. I, no. I. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Bush, D. (1965). Prefaces to Renaissance Literature. Massachusetts: Harward University Pres.
Cross, J. E. (1986). The Old English. In: W. F. BOLTON (ed.), Sphere History of English Literature: The Middle Ages. London: Sphere Books Ltd.
Daiches, D. (1994). A Critical History of English Literature: The Restoration to the Present Day. Vol. I. London: Mandarin.
-------------------(1994). A Critical History of English Literature: The Restoration to the Present Day. Vol. II. London: Mandarin.
Defoe, D. (1993). Moll Flanders. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics.
Doyle, A. I. (1966). The Social Context of Medieval English Literature. In: B. FORD (ed.), The Pelican Guide to English Literature: The Age of Chaucer. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Evans, I. (1964). A Short History of English Literature. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Fieldıng, H. (1996). Tom Jones. Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
Ford, B. (ed.) (1966). The Pelican Guide to English Literature: The Age of Chaucer. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Girvan, R. (1971). Beowulf & The Seventh Century. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
Kermode, F. (1968). Novel, History and Type. Novel: A Frum on Fictin. Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 231-238.
Lovett, R. M. and H. S. Hughes (1932). The History of The Novel in England. London: George G. Harap & Company Ltd.
Reeves, M. (2000). Telling the Tale of the Rise of the Novel. CLIO. Vol: 30, No. 1, pp. 25–41.
Richard, S. (1985). Pamela Or, Virtue Rewarded. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Sanders, A. (2004). The Short History of English Literture, 2sn.ed. Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
Smollett, T. G. (1988). The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom. Athens. Ga: University of Georgia Press.
Stepherd, G. T. (1983). Beowulf: An Epic Fairy Tale. In: B. FORD (ed.), Medieval Literature: Chauser and The Alliterative Tradition. Vol. 1, no. 1. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Tinkler, J. F. (1988). Humanist History and the English Novel in the Eighteenth Century. Studies in Philology. vol: 85, No. 4, pp. 510-537.
Traversı, D. (1966). Spenser’s Faerei Gueene. The Pelican Guide to English Literature: The Age of Chaucer. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Turvılle-Petre, J. (1977). Beowulf and Grettis Saga: An Excursion. Saga Book. Vol. 19, 4. pp. 347–357.
Watt, I. (1957). The Rise of the Novel. Studies in Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding. Harmondsworth: Penguin
Weller, S. (ed). (1992). Beowulf. London: Dover Thrift Editions.
Williams, D. J. (1986). Alliterative Poetry in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. In: W. F. BOLTON (ed.), Sphere History of English Literature: The Middle Ages. London: Sphere Books Ltd.
Woolf, V. (1992). A Room of One’s Own and Three Guineas. Morag Shiach (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
-------------------. 1992. Betwen the Acts. Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
-------------------. 1967. Phases of Fiction. Collected Essays. Vol. II. London: Chatto & Windus.
Wynne-Davıes, M. (ed.) (1994). Gudie to English Literature. Britain: Clays Ltd. St. Ives plc.