Sağlık Harcamalarının Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak Karbon Emisyonu

Bu çalışma, kirliliğin (CO2 emisyonu ile temsil edilmektedir) 35 gelişmiş ve 34 gelişmekte olan ülke özelinde 2000-2020 dönemi için sağlık harcaması üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu amaçla, gelir ve yaşlanmanın sağlık harcaması üzerindeki etkileri kontrol edilerek panel veri modelleri formüle edilmiş ve bu modeller statik panel veri metodları aracılığıyla tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde karbon emisyonlarının sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki pozitif etkisini işaret ederken; bu etki gelişmiş ülkeler özelinde negatiftir. Dolayısıyla bu sonuçlar, kirliliğin sağlık harcaması üzerindeki etkisinin farklı gelir düzeyindeki ülkelere göre çeşitlilik gösterebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda, literatürün büyük bölümü tarafından da desteklendiği üzere, her iki ülke grubu için de kişi başına gelirin ve yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içerisindeki payının sağlık harcamasını artırdığını teyit etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kirlilik, CO2 Emisyonu, Sağlık Harcaması, Panel Veri Modelleri

Carbon Emission as a Determinant of Health Expenditures

This paper attempts to empirically investigate the impact of pollution (represented by CO2 emissions) on health spending using data on 35 developed and 34 developing countries over the period 2000-2020. For this purpose, controlling for the effect of income and aging, we specify panel data regression models and estimate using static panel data models. The empirical evidence implies a positive effect of carbon emissions on health spending in developing nations while indicating that this effect turns out to be negative in the case of developed economies. This suggests that the effect of pollution on health expenditure may differ across countries with different income levels. The findings also confirm that, as mostly suggested by the literature, per capita income and the share of the elderly population in total raise health expenditure in both country groups.

Keywords:

Pollution, CO2 Emission, Health Expenditure, Panel Data Models,

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