Covid-19 Salgın Krizinde Etkin Bir Finansal Ortam Sağlama ve Yabancı Yatırım Projelerinin Teşviki: Kitle Fonlaması Uygulamaları

Finansal sistemi iyileştirmek ulusal yatırımları teşvikin yanında dış kaynak yatırımlarının da teşvikini gerektirmektedir. Yabancı yatırım projeleri ekonomiler açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Yabancı yatırımcılar ülkeye ayrı bir ekonomik dinamizm sağlamaktadır. Ülkelerin ise yabancı yatırımcıların ülkeye yatırımda bulunmalarını arttırmak için yatırımcılara bir takım ekonomik imtiyazlar tanıyarak onların kendilerini belirsiz çevre koşullarında güvende hissetmelerini sağlamaları gerekmektedir. Yabancı yatırımcılar ise kendilerini ancak ve ancak gelişmiş ve iyi düzenlenmiş bir finansal piyasa düzeni içinde güvende hissetmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, yabancı yatırımcıları yatırımda bulunmaya motive ettiği düşünülen finansal piyasalar ve piyasa araçları ile ilgili bilgi vermek; finansal kaynaklardan ise günümüzde yatırımcılar tarafından en sık tercih edilen kitle fonlamasının ekonomilerin finansal sistemlerinin etkinliğine nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu tartışmaktır. Çalışma sonunda, kitle fonlaması uygulamalarının iyi biçimde planlanmış olmasının finansal piyasaların yabancı yatırımcılar açısından etkin olarak kabul gördüğü kanısına ulaşılmıştır. katkı sağladığı görülmüş ve böylece dış kaynaklı yatırım ve girişimlerin de teşvikinin sağlandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kitle Fonlaması Uygulamaları, Dış Kaynak, Finansal Çevre, Yabancı Yatırım, Finansal Kaynaklar, Covid-19 Salgını

Providing an Effective Financial Environment and Promoting Foreign Investment Projects in Covid-19 Epidemic: Crowdfunding Practices

Improving the financial systems requires the encouragement of foreign investments as well as improving national investments. Foreign investment projects are critical for economies. Foreign investors provide a separate economic dynamism to the countries. On the other hand, in order to increase the investments of foreign investors in a country, the country should provide some economic privileges to the foreign investors different from any other local investors and make them feel comfortable under uncertain environmental conditions of the country. Foreign investors feel only safe in a developed and well-organized financial markets and economies. In this study, to give brief information about financial markets and market instruments that motivate foreign investors to invest in a new market. One of the financial instruments crowdfunding and its effects on the motivation of foreign investors will be discussed. Crowdfunding is the most frequently preferred by investors today as regard of the effectiveness of the financial systems and economies. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the well-planned crowdfunding practices were fully accepted as effective on the financial markets for foreign investors. So that crowdfunding practices should be supported by financial systems due to its contribution to foreign investments and enterprises.

Keywords:

Crowdfunding, Foreign Investment, Financial Environment, External Sources, Financial Sources, Covid-19 Epidemic,

PDF

___

Agrawal, A. K., Catalini, C., & Goldfarb, A. (2011). The geography of crowdfunding (No. w16820). National bureau of economic research.
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business venturing, 18(1), 105-123.
Baldwin, C., Heinerth, C. and von Hippel, E. (2006), ‘How user innovations become commercial product: a theoretical investigation and case study’, Research Policy, 35 (9): 1291–313
Baumol, W. J. (2005). Education for innovation: Entrepreneurial breakthroughs versus corporate incremental improvements. Innovation policy and the economy, 5, 33-56.
Busenitz, L. W., Fiet, J. O., & Moesel, D. D. (2005). Signaling in Venture Capitalist—New Venture Team Funding Decisions: Does it Indicate Long–Term Venture Outcomes?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(1), 1-12.
Chandler Junior, A. D. (1990). Scale and scope: the dynamics of industrial capitalism. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap.
Constant, E. W., & Edward, W. (1987). The social locus of technological practice: Community, system, or organization. The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, 223-242.
David, P. A., & Shapiro, J. S. (2008). Community-based production of open-source software: What do we know about the developers who participate?.Information Economics and Policy, 20(4), 364-398.
Davidsson, P. (2006). Nascent entrepreneurship: empirical studies and developments. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1-76.
Dosi, G., & Fagiolo, G. (1997). Exploring the unknown on entrepreneurship, coordination and innovation driven growth.
Dushnitsky, G. & Klueter, T. (2010). Is there an eBay for ideas? Insights from online knowledge marketplaces, European Management Review, 8, 17-32.
Dushnitsky, G., Guerini, M., Piva, E., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2016). Crowdfunding in Europe: determinants of platform creation across countries. California management review, 58(2), 44-71.
Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J., & Mickiewicz, T. (2013). Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations?. Journal of business venturing, 28(4), 564-580.
Franke, N., & Shah, S. (2003). How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users. Research policy, 32(1), 157-178.
Freeman, J. (1986). Entrepreneurs as organizational products: Semiconductor firms and venture capital firms. Advances in the study of entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth, 1(33-52).
Higgins, M. J., Stephan, P. E., & Thursby, J. G. (2011). Conveying quality and value in emerging industries: Star scientists and the role of signals in biotechnology. Research Policy, 40(4), 605-617.
Hills, G.E., G.T. Lumpkin, and R.P. Singh. (1997). Opportunity Recognition: Perceptions and Behaviours of Entrepreneurs. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
Jewkes, J., Sawers, D. and Stilleman, J. (1958), The Sources of Invention. London:Macmillan.
Mowery, D.C., Oxley, J.E. and Silverman, B.S. (2014). Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer, Strategic Management Journal, 17, S2, (77-91).
Nelson, R. E., Meredith, G. G. & Neck, P. A. (1982). The practice of entrepreneurship (Vol. 30, No. 760). International Labour Organisation.
North, D. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
North, D. (1994). ‘Economic performance over time.’ American Economic Review 84:359 – 368.
Reynolds, P., Day, J. & Lancaster, G. (2006). Entrepreneurship and the small to medium-sized enterprise: A divergent/convergent paradox in thinking patterns between advisers and SME owner-managers. Management decision, 44(5), 581-597.
Ripollés-Meliá, M., Menguzzato-Boulard, M., & Sánchez-Peinado, L. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation and international commitment. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 5(3-4), 65-83.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Socialism, capitalism and democracy. Harper and Brothers.
Shah, S. K., & Tripsas, M. (2007). The accidental entrepreneur: The emergent and collective process of user entrepreneurship. Strategic entrepreneurship journal, 1(1‐2), 123-140.
Shane, S. Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review 2000, Vol. 25, No. 1, 217-226.
Thirtle, C. G., & Ruttan, V. W. (1986). The role of demand and supply in the generation and diffusion of technical change (No. 1702-2016-139892).
Tolbert, P. S., David, R. J., & Sine, W. D. (2011). Studying choice and change: The intersection of institutional theory and entrepreneurship research. Organization Science, 22(5), 1332-1344.
Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal of management, 32(6), 951-990.
Usher, A.P., 1954. A History of Mechanical Inventions. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Van de Ven, H. (1993). The development of an infrastructure for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business venturing, 8(3), 211-230.
Von Hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing innovation: The evolving phenomenon of user innovation. Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 55(1), 63-78.
Zahra, S. A., & Garvis, D. M. (2000). International corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: The moderating effect of international environmental hostility. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 469-492.
Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management studies, 43(4), 917-955.