İki şekerpancarı çeşidine farklı azot dozlarının yaprakbiti (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) populasyon gelişimine etkisi

Konya ili Altınekin ilçesinde 1999 yılında yürütülen bu çalışmada monogerm ve triplöid iki şekerpancarı çeşidi (Eureka ve S-814) ile 4 azotlu gübre dozunda (0 , 15 , 25 ve 35 kg/da) yaprakbiti populasyon gelişimi izlenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak planlanmıştır. Sonuçta , şeker-pancarında koloni oluşturan iki yaprakbiti türünden Aphis fabae Scop. % 91 bulunuş oranı ile baskın tür olarak belirlenmiş , Myzus persicae Sıılz. ise toplam yaprakbiti populasyonunun ancak % 9 ' unu oluşturmuştur. Yaprakbiti populasyonu hemen bütün parsellerde bitkilerin 7-8 yapraklı olduğu Haziran başında başlayıp , yaprak sayısının maksimuma (15-20 yapraklı dönem) ulaştığı Temmuz ortasında en yüksek noktaya çıkmıştır. Populasyon , yüksek sıcaklıkların başladığı Ağustos başında iyice azalıp , Ağustos ortasında tamamen yok olmuştur. İki şekerpancarı çeşidinden S-814 , A. fabae tarafından daha çok tercih edilmektedir (P < 0,01). A. fabae ve toplam yaprakbiti populasyonu artan azot dozlarına paralel olarak yükselmektedir (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Myzus persicae, Türkiye, bitki zararlıları, şeker pancarı, zararlı savaşımı, azot miktarı, Aphis fabae, populasyon yoğunluğu

The effect of different nitrogen doses in two sugar beet varieties on population development of aphids (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)

Population developments of aphid species on two sugar beet varieties, Eureka (monogerm) and S-814 (triplöid), fertilized with four different nitrogen doses (0, 15, 25, 35 kg/da) were surveyed in Altınekin -Konya province of Turkey. The experiment was completely randomized design with three replications. The survey revealed that the sugar beet varieties were harbored only two aphid species under given experimental conditions. The most common species was Aphis fabae Scop, with a relative frequency of 91%, while Myzus persicae Sulz. was relatively less abundant (9%) in the sampled areas. In almost all plots, the first aphid occurrence was observed at the beginning of June, which coincides with 7-8 leaf stages of sugar beet varieties. The aphid populations peaked around mid July when the leaf number was maximum (15-20 leaf stage) for sugar beet. Then the populations gradually declined until the beginning of A ugust probably due to increase in air temperature, and completely collapsed by mid August. The abundance of A. fabae on variety S-814 was more than that of Eureka (P<0,01). Both A. fabae and total aphid population were parallely increased with increasing nitrogen doses (P<0,05). The highest number of aphid (229,67 ±16,65 aphid/plant) was found on variety S - 814 fertilized at 35 kg/da rate, whereas variety Eureka on control plots harbored the lowest number ofaphids (55 ± 10,58 aphid/plant). For M. persicae, an effective virus vector, while the differences between varieties were not significant, only the difference between unfertilized and highest nitrogen dose were statistically important (P<0,05). Overall, due to aphid tendency toward nitrogen rich plots, fertilization over 15-20 kg nitrogen/da was not suggested to control aphid population growth in sugar beet fields.

Keywords:

Myzus persicae, Turkey, plant pests, sugarbeet, pest control, nitrogen content, Aphis fabae, population density,

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