Veriye Dayalı bir Politika Tasarım Modeli Önerisi: Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Teknolojilerinin Yayılmasının Niteliksel Analizi

Sürdürülebilir enerji üretimini sağlamak için, hızla artan enerji talebini çevre dostu teknolojilerle karşılamak bir çözüm önerisidir. Bu önerinin hayata geçmesi ise, söz konusu teknolojilerin yaygın kullanımına bağlıdır. Yayılmanın kolaylaşması için politikalarla desteklenmesini öneren çalışmamızın temel amacı, yenilenebilir enerji teknolojilerinin yaygınlaştırılması için bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla alan araştırmasında, piyasa henüz oluşmaya başladığı dönemde Türkiye örneğinde, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisine dayalı elektrik üretim teknolojilerinin yayılma süreci incelenmiş ve bu süreç hakkında veri toplanmıştır. Veri analiz birimi, bu konuda çalışan uzmanların fikirleri, bakış açıları ve algıları olarak ele alınmıştır. Veri kaynağı, Türkiye’de özel sektör ve/ya özel sektör dışında yenilenebilir enerji sektöründe üretim, denetim, danışma veya tedarik faaliyetlerini yürüten uzmanlarla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlardır. Ampirik analiz sonucunda; politika amacı, politika aracı ve politika hedefi olmak üzere üç ayak üstüne oturan bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu modelle, alan araştırmasında saptanan politika sorunlarından “artan ithalata bağımlılık” ve “yönetişimde aksaklıklar” sorunlarını çözmek için mikro, mezo ve makro düzeyde politika önerileri tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmamızın özgünlüğü, söz konusu teknolojilerin Türkiye’de henüz yaygın kullanılmaya yeni başladığı 2014-2016 döneminde yapıldığı için sektörün oluşumuna dair başlangıç aşamasında yapılan öncü çalışmalardan biri olmasıdır. Yazına, veriye dayalı bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirerek metodolojik ve politika öneriler tasarlayarak ampirik katkılar yapmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yenilenebilir Enerji, Yayılma, Politika, Model, Türkiye, Niteliksel Analiz

An Evidence-based Policy Design Model Proposal: Qualitative Analysis of Renewable Energy Diffusion in Turkiye

Meeting rapidly increasing energy demand with environmental-friendly technologies is a promising solution for sustainable energy production, which is possible with technology diffusion. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to propose a model to design policies that support the diffusion of wind and solar electricity generation technologies in Turkiye. The units of analysis that create and shape the diffusion process are accepted as the opinions, perspectives, and perceptions; hence, data is collected with a qualitative method. To reach different perspectives; semi-structured interviews were held with experts who carry out production, regulation, consultation, and (equipment) supply in the private and/or non-private sectors in renewable energy. As a result of the data analysis, a policy design model is developed that sits on three pillars: policy aim, policy tool, and policy target. With this model, to solve two main policy problems, “increasing import dependency” and “governance problem”; policy recommendations are developed at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Our study is one of the pioneering studies on the development of the sector, as it was carried out in the period of 2014-2016, when these technologies just began to diffuse. There are methodological contributions through developing a data-based policy design model and empirical contributions through policy recommendations.

Keywords:

Renewable Energy, Diffusion, Policy, Model, Turkiye, Qualitative Analysis,

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