MODADA NÜFUZ PAZARLAMASI: MİKRO INSTABLOGGERLARIN ÜRÜN YERLEŞTİRME UYGULAMALARI
Moda ve moda ürünleri üzerine bilgilerini, kullanıma yönelik deneyim ve değerlendirmelerinitüketicilerle paylaşan Instabloggerlar moda haftalarının vazgeçilmez figürleri halinegelmiştir. Tüketiciler tarafından güvenilir ve samimi bilgi kaynakları olarak görülenbu Nüfuzlular, pazarlamacıların ağızdan ağıza reklam uygulamalarının da son dönemdekiana aktörleridir. Sosyal ağların yepyeni bir uygulama alanı açtığı ağızdan ağıza iletişim;ürün yerleştirme taktiğiyle işlerlik, Nüfuz Pazarlaması’yla ise yaygınlık kazanmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı; Mikro Moda Instabloggerlarının ürün yerleştirme uygulamalarınıincelemek, uygulamanın Instagram’daki bileşenlerine dair tanımlayıcı bir çerçevesunmak ve bu bileşenler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, içerikanalizi yöntemiyle 273 ürün yerleştirmeli Instagram paylaşımı incelenmiş ve bulgularpaylaşılmıştır. Belirginlik, anlatısal uyum, interaktivite, diyalog düzeyi, ürün yerleştirmesıklığı ve etkileşim düzeyi arasındaki ilişkilerin yanı sıra cinsiyet ve hesap türünün(Yüksek Moda/Sokak Modası) ürün yerleştirme uygulamalarında yarattığı farklar ortayakonmuştur.
INFLUENCER MARKETING IN FASHION: PRODUCT PLACEMENT PRACTICES OF MICRO INSTABLOGGERS
Instabloggers who share their knowledge, their consumption related experience and opinion about fashion and fashion products became indispensable figures of fashion weeks. These fashion influencers whom consumers find trustworthy and sincere are also considered to be the main actors of WOM advertisements by marketers. And thanks to social networks WOM communication has found new grounds, has widened its use via product placements as part of Influencer Marketing incentives.The aim of this study is to examine product placements of micro fashion Instabloggers, to provide working definitions for the product placements’ constituent elements on Instagram and to unfold the relationships between those constituent elements. Within the confines of this study, 273 Instagram posts that involved product placements were examined through content analysis. The relationships between prominence, narrative congruity, interactivity, level of conversation, placement intensity and engagement as well as the differences that gender and account type (high fashion vs. street fashion) create regarding product placement practice were presented in the findings.
___
- Agraval A (2016) Why Influencer Marketing Will Explode in 2017, https://www.
forbes.com/sites/ajagrawal/2016/12/27/why-influencer-marketing-will-explodein-2017/#728a773b20a9,
erişim tarihi: 26.12.2016.
- Arık A (1992) Psikolojide Bilimsel Yöntem, İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi Basımevi.
- Arndt J (1967) Role of Product Related Conversations in the Diffusion of a New
Product, Journal of Marketing Research, 4 (3), 291-295.
- Atabek Ü (2003) İletişim Teknolojileri ve Yerel Medya İçin Olanaklar, Yeni İletişim
Teknolojileri ve Medya, S Alankuş (Drl.), IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul,
61-90.
- Babbie E, Wagner W E ve Zaino J (2015) Adventures in Social Research, Sage
Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
- Balasubramanian S K (1994) Beyond Advertising and Publicity: Hybrid Messages
and Public Policy Issues, Journal of Advertising, 23 (4), 29-46.
- Balasubramanian S K, Karrh J A, ve Patwardhan H (2006) Audience Response to
Product Placements, Journal of Advertising, 35 (3), 115-141.
- Barker S (2016) A Go-To Guide to Instagram Micro-Influencers, https://stories.
buffer.com/instagram-influencer-marketing-fbc6eaa56172, erişim tarihi:
12.9.2017.
- Berger J ve Keller Fay Group (2016) Experticity-KellerFay Influencer Survey,
http://go2.experticity.com/rs/288-azs-731/images/experticity-kellerfaysurvey
summary_.pdf, erişim tarihi: 9.8.2017.
- Bertrandias L ve Goldsmith R E (2006) Some Psychological Motivations for
Fashion Opinion Leadership and Fashion Opinion Seeking, Journal of Fashion
Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 10 (1), 25-40.
- Bourdieu P (2000) Televizyon Üzerine, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Böke K (2009) Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Alfa, İstanbul.
- Bunina T (2013) Fashion Blogger’s Methods of Communication of Consumption
Experience, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aarhus University School of Business and Social
Sciences, Aarhus.
- Campbell C, Cohen J ve Ma J (2014) Advertisments Just Aren’t Advertisements
Anymore, Journal of Advertising Research, 54 (1), 7-10.
- Caru A ve Cova B (2003) Revisiting Consumption Experience: A more humble
but complete view of the concept, Marketing Theory, 3 (2), 267-286.
- Chaykowski K (2016) Instagram Launches Live Video, Makes Messaging More
Ephemeral,https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2016/11/21/instagr
am-launches-live-video-makes-messaging-more-ephemeral/#226b4305e2f2,erişim
tarihi: 21.11.2016.
- Chen Y (2016) The Rise of Micro-Influencers on Instagram, https://digiday.com/
marketing/micro-influencers/, erişim tarihi: 9.8.2017.
- Chu S ve Kim Y (2011) Determinants of Consumer Engagement in Electronic
Word of Mouth, Journal of Advertising Research, 30 (1), 47-75.
- Cohen J W (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
- Cowley E ve Barron C (2008) When Product Placement Goes Wrong: The Effects
of Program Liking and Placement Prominence, Journal of Advertising, 37(1), 89-
98.
- Darden W R ve Reynolds F D (1972) Predicting Opinion Leadership for Men's
Apparel Fashions, Journal of Marketing Research, 9, 324-328.
- D’Astous A ve Chartier F (2000) A study of Factors Affecting Consumer
Ealuations and Memory of Product Placements in Movies, Journal of Current
Issues and Research in Advertising, 22 (2), 31-40.
- Dens N, De Pelsmacker P, Wouters M ve Purnawirawan N (2012) Do You Like
What You Recognize?, Journal of Advertising, 41 (3), 35-53.
- Dickey I J ve Lewis W F (2011) An Overview of Digital Media and Advertising,
M S Eastin, T Daugherty ve N M Burns (eds), Digital Media and Advertising,
Information Science Reference, New York, 1-31.
- Dietrich G (2014) Dürüstlük Çağı: Dijital Dünyada İletişim ve İtibar Yönetimi,
The Kitap, İstanbul.
- Edelman (2017) Trust Barometer, 1-17. www.edelman.com/executive-summary,
erişim tarihi: 25.07.2017.
- Ferraro R ve Avery R J (2000) Brand Appearances on Prime-time Television,
Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22 (2), 1-15.
- Findlay R (2012) At one Remove From Reality: Style Bloggers and Outfit Posts,
Australasian Journal of Popular Culture, 1 (2), 197-208.
- Griffith E (2011) Bloggers Mean Business, Adweek, 52 (31), 58-59.
- Gupta P B ve Lord K R (1998) Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of
Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall, Journal of Current Issues and
Research in Advertising, 20 (1), 47-59.
- Huisman D (2003) Sokrates İnternet’te, Su Yayınları, İstanbul.
- Ifb (2013) The Instagram Habits of Mega-Popular Fashion Bloggers,
https://heartifb.com/2013/01/17/the-instagram-habits-of-mega-popular-fashionbloggers/,
erişim tarihi: 9.8.2017.
- Jawdat L (2014) Personal Style Blogs: Remediation in the Fashion System,
https://blogs.commons. georgetown.edu/cctp-725-fall2014/2014/04/21/notes-forclass-discussion-fashion-and-social-media/,
erişim tarihi: 3.8.2017.
- Johnston A (2016) How to Create an Instagram Marketing Strategy,
https://sproutsocial.com/insights/instagram-marketing-strategy-guide/, erişim
tarihi: 8.8.2017.
- Kantar Millward B (2017) AdReaction: Engaging Gen X, Y and Z,
http://www.millwardbrown.com/adreaction/genxyz/, erişim tarihi: 1.8.2017.
- Karrh J A (1998) Brand Placement: A Review, Journal Of Current Issues and
Research in Advertising, 20 (1), 31-49.
- Katz E ve Lazarsfeld P F (1955) Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in
the Flow of Mass Communication, Free Press, New York.
- Kawamura Y (2005) Fashion-ology, Berg, Oxford, New York.
- Kim J E, Lloyd S ve Cervellon M E (2016) Narrative-transportation Storylines in
Luxury Brand Advertising: Motivating Consumer Engagement, Journal of
Business Research, 69 (1), 304-313.
- Krippendorff K H (2013) Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology,
Sage Publications, London.
- Kumar V ve Gupta S (2016) Conceptualizing the Evolution and Future of
Advertising, Journal of Advertising, 45 (3), 302-317.
- Kurutz S (2011) Fashion Bloggers, Posted and Represented,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/fashion/fashion-bloggers-get-agents.html,
erişim tarihi: 6.8.2017.
- La Ferle C ve Edwards S M (2006) Product Placement: How Brands Appear on
Television, Journal of Advertising, 35 (4), 65-86.
- Lee M ve Faber R J (2007) Effects of Product Placement in On-line Games on
Brand Memory: A Perspective of the Limited-Capacity Model Attention, Journal
of Advertising, 36 (4), 75-90.
- Lehu J M ve Bressoud E (2009) Recall of Brand Placement in Movies: Interactions
Between Prominence and Plot Connection in Real Conditions of Exposure,
Recherce et Aplications en Marketing, 24 (1), 7-26.
- Levy A (2017) Influencers: A fashion and retail focus, https://www.launchmetrics.
com/resources/blog/state-of-influencer-marketing-2017, erişim tarihi: 2.8.2017.
- Linqua (2016) State of Influencer Marketing 2017, http://www.linqia.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/11/The-State-of-Influencer-Marketing-2017_Final-Report.
pdf, erişim tarihi: 1.8.2017.
- Lister M, Dovey J, Giddings S, Grant I ve Kelly K (2009) New Media: A Critical
Introduction, Routledge, New York.
- Liu S, Chou C ve Liao H (2015) An Exploratory Study of Product Placement in
Social Media, Internet Research, 25 (2), 300-316.
- Lynn T, Jaramillo A ve Muzellec L (2014) Extending the Product Placement
Research Agenda: The Impact of Hypervideo on Interactivity and Timing of
Product Placement Decisions, The Marketing Review, 14 (4), 339-360.
- Markerly (2016) Instagram Marketing: Does Influencer Size Matter?,
http://markerly.com/blog/instagram-marketing-does-influencer-size-matter/, erişim
tarihi: 9.8.2017.
- McQuarrie E, Miller J ve Phillips B J (2012) The Megaphone Effect: Taste and
Audience in Fashion Blogging, Journal of Consumer Research, 40, 136-158.
- Nielsen (2015) Global Trust in Advertising: Winning Strategies for an Evolving
Media Landscape, 1-20. http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/ 2015/globaltrust-in-advertising-2015.html,
erişim tarihi: 31.07.2017.
- O’Cass A (2000) An Assessment of Consumers Product, Purchase Decision,
Advertising and Consumption Involvement in Fashion Clothing, Journal of
Economic Psychology, 21, 545-576.
- Öztürk E, Şener G ve Suher H K (2016) Sosyal Medya Çağında Ürün Yerleştirme:
Instagram ve Instabloggerlar Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi, Global Media Journal TR
Edition, 6 (12), 355-386.
- Pallant J (2013) SPSS Survival Manual, Open University Press, New York.
- Pergelova A, Prior D ve Rialp J (2010) Assessing Advertising Efficiency: Does the
Internet Play a Role?, Journal of Advertising, 39 (3), 39-54.
- Phelan H (2013) How Personal Style Bloggers are Ranking in Millions,
https://fashionista.com/2013/08/how-personal-style-bloggers-are-raking-inmillions,
erişim tarihi: 6.8.2017.
- Rogers E M (1962) Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press, New York.
- Romaniuk J (2007) Word of Mouth and the Viewing of Tv Programs, Journal of
Advertising Research, 47 (4), 462-471.
- Rosen E (2000) The Anatomy of Buzz: How to Create Word of Mouth Marketing,
Random House, New York.
- Rossi A (2016) Key Elements for Sustaining and Enhancing Influence for Fashion
Bloggers, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kent State University The Fashion School, Kent.
- Russell C A (2002) Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placements in
Television Shows: The role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on
Brand Memory and Attitude, Journal of Consumer Research, 29 (3), 306-319.
- Russell C A ve Belch M (2005) A Managerial Investigation into the Product
Placement Industry, Journal of Advertising Research, 45 (1), 73-92.
- Ryan D ve Jones C (2009) Understanding Digital Marketing, Kogan Page,
Philadelphia.
- Schivinski B, Christodoulides G ve Dabrowski D (2016) Measuring Consumers’
Engagement With Brand-Related Social Media Content, Journal of Advertising
Research, 56 (1), 64-80.
- Sedeke K ve Aurora P (2012) Top Ranking Fashion Blogs and Their Role in the
Current Fashion Industry, http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/
view/4314/3739, erişim tarihi: 8.8.2017.
- Sharma S (2016) Beauty Under the Influence, 46-48, http://www.gcimagazine.com
/business/marketing/Beauty-Under-the-Influence-392484651.html, erişim tarihi:
3.8.2017.
- Schultz D (2016) The Future of Advertising or Whatever We’re Going to Call It,
Journal of Advertising, 45 (3), 276-285.
- Summers J O (1970) The Identity of Women's Clothing Fashion Opinion Leaders,
Journal of Marketing Research, 7, 178-85.
- Tabachnick B G ve Fidel L S (2014) Using Multivariate Statistics, Pearson, Essex.
- Tomoson (2016) Influencer Marketing Study, http://blog.tomoson.com/
influencer-marketing-study/, erişim tarihi: 3.8.2017.
- Turner G (2010) Ordinary People and the Media: The Demotic Turn, Sage
Publications, Los Angeles.
- Utz S (2010) Show Me Your Friends and I Will Tell You What Type of Person You
Are: How One’s Profile, Number of Friends, and Type of Friends Influencer
Impression Formation on Social Network Sites, Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 15 (2), 314-335.
- Uzunoğlu E ve Kip S M (2014) Brand communication through digital influencers:
Leveraging blogger engagement, International Journal of Information
Management, 34, 592-602.
- Van Reijmersdal E, Neijens P C ve Smit E G (2007) Effects of Television Brand
Placement on brand Image, Psychology and Marketing, 24 (5), 403-420.
- Van Dyck F (2014) Yeni Nesil Reklamcılık: Dijital Çağ İçin Kurallar, The Kitap,
İstanbul.
- Vineyard C L (2014) The Relationship Between Fashion Blogs and Intention to
Purchase and Word of Mouth Behavior, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, The Graduate
College University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln.
- Wei M, Fischer E ve Main K J (2008) An Examination of the Effects of Activating
Persuasion Knowledge on Consumer Response to Brands Engaging in Covert
Marketing, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 27 (1), 34-44.
- Weimann G (1994) The Influentials: People Who Influence People, State
University of New York Press, Albany, New York.
- Yuping L ve Shrum L J (2002) What is Interactivity and is it Always Such a Good
Thing, Journal of Advertising, 31 (4), 53-64.
- Zhu J ve Tan B (2007) Effectiveness of Blog Advertising: Impact of
Communicator Expertise, Advertising Intent, and Product Involvement, Twenty
Eighth International Conference on Informational Systems’da sunulan bildiri, 9-
12 Aralık 2007, Montreal.