JIMMY NELSON’UN ETNOGRAFİK FOTOĞRAFÇILIĞI VE KÜRESELLEŞME İLİŞKİSİ

Ulusların fikirsel, kültürel ve ekonomik geçişliliğinin bir yansıması olarak küreselleşme sürecinde dünyada birbirine zıt iki fikir öne çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan biri küreselleşmenin bütün dünyayı geliştirecek ve bütünleştirecek etkisine vurgu yaparken diğer görüş ise, Batı dışında kalan kültürlerin zaman içinde aşınacağını ve yok olacağını ifade etmektedir. İnternet, dijitalleşme ve hızla gelişen iletişim teknolojileri ile bilgi ve kültür ürünleri dünyanın her yanında dolaşıma açık hale gelmektedir. Bu kitle iletişim araçlarının ve sanat alanının parçası olan fotoğraf, önemini keşfedildiğinden bu güne kadar devam ettirmiştir. Tanınan Fotoğraf sanatçılarından biri olan Jimmy Nelson dünyanın uzak bölgelerinde yaşamlarını sürdüren yerli hakları ve kültürlerini tanımak, tanıtmak amacıyla etnografik nitelikli fotoğraf çalışmaları yürütmektedir. Nelson, hızla küreselleşen ve birbirine benzeşen dünyada, kendine has nitelikleriyle öne çıkan yerli grupların ve kabilelerin fotoğraflarını çekerek fark edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Böylece küreselleşen dünyada yerel özelliklerin kaybolmamasını, estetik bir kaygıyla, sağlamayı çalışmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, Jimmy Nelson’un yerli grup ve kabilelere dair fotoğrafları, amaca yönelik yöntemle seçilerek; Hjelmslev’in anlatı ve içerik çözümlenmesi yaklaşımıyla göstergebilimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Böylece fotoğrafçının amacına teknik, estetik ve anlamsal olarak ne kadar ulaşabildiği, küreselleşmeye dair tavrı, fotoğrafları üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir.

JIMMY NELSON’S ETNOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO GLOBALISATION

As a description of the intellectual, cultural and economic transitivity of nations, two opposing ideas stand out in the process of globalization. While one of these ideas emphasize the unifying and developing effect of globalization, the opposing view stresses that cultures outside the West will disappear over time. The Internet, digitalization and rapidly improving information technologies as well as information and culture products are becoming more available and open to circulation all over the world. Photography, mass media and its importance in art have continued to this day since it was discovered. As a significant photo-artist, Jimmy Nelson engages in ethnographic photography studies in remote areas of the world to understand and promote the indigenous peoples and their cultures. Nelson aims to bring recognition of the indigenous tribes that stand out with their differences in a rapidly globalizing and similar world. In this perspective, the photos of Jimmy Nelson about indigenous groups and tribes will be selected by the purposeful method and it has been examined semiotically with Hjelmslev’s narrative and content analysis approach. Thus, how far the photographer can achieve his goal in terms of technique, aesthetics and meaning, his attitude towards globalization has been evaluated through his photographs.

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