Barsak Mikrobiyotası ve Dayanıklılık Egzersizleri

Barsak mikrobiyotası; hormonal nitelikte çeşitli sinyal molekülleri üreterek, kan dolaşımı ile vücudun farklı bölgelerine ulaşabilen mikroorganizma kümeleridir. Mikrobiyota günümüzde birçok hastalıkla ilişkilendirilen güncel sağlık konularından birisidir. Mikrobiyotanın, egzersiz dâhil olmak üzere, çeşitli çevresel koşullar (beslenme, egzersiz, stres, doğum şekli) tarafından düzenlendiğine ait günümüzde giderek artan kanıta dayalı bilgiler vardır. Son yıllarda ise, mikrobiyotanın egzersiz performansını olumlu etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Özellikle egzersiz süresinin uzun ve yoğun olduğu dayanıklılık sporlarında sporcunun sağlıklı mikrobiyotaya sahip olmasının, enerji metabolizması, oksidatif stres ve hidrasyon durumu gibi kritik öneme sahip metabolizmaları olumlu etkilediği bildirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, yorucu ve uzun süreli egzersize bağlı sporcuların sıklıkla yaşadıkları immün sistem baskılanmasında da iyileştirici etkilerinin olduğu belirtilmiştir. Bu şekilde sporcuların üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve gastrointestinal sistem rahatsızlıklarının sıklık ve süresini azalttığına dair kuvvetli bilimsel veriler bulunmaktadır. Probiyotik kullanılması ile oluşan mikrobiyota değişiminin, inflamasyon ve redoks düzeylerini kontrol edebileceği, egzersiz yapan kişiler ve sporcuların; genel sağlık, performans ve enerji kullanılabilirliğini iyileştirmek için önemli bir beslenme stratejisi olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Mikrobiyotanın dayanıklılık egzersizi performansını etkilemesinin yanı sıra egzersiz yapımının da mikrobiyota zenginleştirilmesine katkıda bulunduğu bildirilmiştir. Önümüzdeki yıllarda egzersiz, immün sistem ve mikrobiyota ilişkisine odaklanan daha fazla araştırmanın yapılmasına gerek vardır. Bu derleme yazıda dayanıklılık egzersizi ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi güncel çalışmalarla incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dayanıklılık, egzersiz, barsak mikrobiyotası

Gut Microbiota and Endurance Exercise

Gut microbiota; are hormonal clusters of microorganisms capable of producing various signaling molecules and reaching different regions of the body through blood circulation. Microbiota is one of the current health issues associated with many diseases today. There is increasing evidence-based knowledge that microbiota is regulated by a variety of environmental conditions (nutrition, exercise, stress, pregnancy ...), including exercise at the present time. In recent years, it has been reported that microbiota has a positive effect on exercise performance. It has been reported that the athlete has a healthy microbiota especially in the long and intense endurance sports during the exercise period, positively affecting metabolism with critical prescription such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress and hydration state. At the same time, intense and long-term exercise-based athletes have often been shown to have positive effects on immunosuppression. In this way there is strong scientific evidence that athletes reduce the frequency and duration of upper respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal system disorders. The use of probiotics to control microbial alteration, inflammation and redox levels, exercise practitioners and sportsmen; it may be an important nutrition strategy to improve overall health, performance and energy availability. In addition to affecting the endurance exercise performance of microbiota, exercise production has also been reported to contribute to microbiota enrichment. Further research is needed in the years to focus on exercise, the immune system and the microbiota relationship. Purpose of this review is summarize current literature studies that examine the relationship between endurance exercise and microbiota.

Keywords:

Endurance, exercise,

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