ELİT DÜZEY KAYAKLI KOŞUCULARDA BİR YILLIK ANTRENMAN PERİYODUNUN BAZI VÜCUT KOMPOZİSYONLARI VE VO2 MAX DEĞERLERİNE ETKİSİ

Elit düzey kayaklı koşucularda bir yıllık antrenman periyodunun bazı vücut kompozisyonları ve VO2 MAX değerlerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacı ile yapılan bu çalışmaya; yaş ortalamaları 17, 58 yıl, boy ortalamaları 170, 16 cm, vücut ağırlık ortalamaları 61, 00 kg olan 12 erkek, yaş ortalamaları 16, 00 yıl, boy ortalamaları 161, 40 cm, vücut ağırlık ortalamaları 56, 94 kg olan 5 kadın olmak üzere toplamda 17 kayaklı koşu branşında yer alan elit düzey sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara sırasıyla; Boy, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kompozisyonu ölçümleri ve kardiopulmoner egzersiz testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizleri kişisel bilgisayarda SPSS 21.00 paket programında yapılmıştır. Ölçüm sırasında elde edilen veriler anında kaydedilmiştir. Tüm verilerde aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapmaları hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma gurubunun ön ve son test değerlerine ait karşılaştırma analizleri parametrik testlerden Paired Samples t test yöntemi ile yapılarak anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kurgulanmıştır. Yapılan istatiksel analiz sonucunda erkek katılımcıların vücut ağırlığı, yağsız kitle, anaerobik eşikteki VO2 max, solunum eşiğindeki nabız, solunum eşiğindeki VO2 ve solunum eşiğindeki koşu hızı parametrelerinde, kadın sporcuların ise yağsız kitle, maksimal nabız, anaerobik eşik nabız ve anaerobik eşikteki VO2 parametrelerine ait ön ve son test değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu (p<0,01, p<0,05) görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak: Elit düzey kayaklı koşu sporcularında uygulanan bir yıllık antrenman periyodunun bazı vücut kompozisyonlarında pozitif yönde değişime neden olduğu görülürken bazı VO2 MAX değerlerinde ise pozitif ve negatif yönlü değişime neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Antrenörlerin çalışma planlarını hazırlarken bu değişimleri göz önünde bulundurmalarının sportif performans açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.THE EFFECT OF ONE-YEAR TRAINING PERIOD ON SOME BODY COMPOSITIONS AND VO2 MAX VALUES OF ELITE CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERSABSTRACTIn this study where the aim is to investigate the effect of a one-year training period on some body compositions and VO2 MAX values of elite cross-country skiers; a total of 17 elite cross-country skiers, 12 males whose mean age was 17,58 years, mean height was 170,16 cm, mean bodyweight was 61,00 kg, 5 females whose mean age was 16,00 years, mean height was 161,40 cm, mean bodyweight was 56,94 kg participated voluntarily. Participants were subject to height, bodyweight, body composition measurements and cardiopulmonary exercise test, respectively. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was done on a personal computer using the package program SPSS 21.00. The data obtained during the measurements were recorded immediately. Arithmetic means and standard deviations of all data were calculated. The comparative analyses of the pretest and posttest values of the research group were done with Paired Samples t-test method and the significance level was found to be p<0,05. According to the results of the conducted statistical analysis, it was seen that there is a significant difference (p<0,01, p<0,05) between the pretest and posttest values of the males’ bodyweight, lean body mass, VO2 max on anaerobic threshold, pulse on the ventilatory threshold, VO2 on ventilatory threshold, and running speed on ventilatory threshold parameters; females’ lean body mass, maximal pulse, anaerobic threshold pulse, and VO2 on anaerobic threshold parameters. As a result: It was found that the one-year training period of the elite cross-country skiers resulted in a positive change in some body compositions but caused positive and negative changes in some VO2 MAX values. It is considered to be important that in terms of sportive performance, the trainers should take these changes into consideration when they are preparing their training plans. Keywords: Cross-country skier, Body composition, VO2 MAX

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Kayaklı koşucu, vücut kompozisyonu

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