Gelecek Zaman Perspektifi Ölçüm ve Kavramsallaştırmalarına Yeni Bir Bakış

Zaman perspektifi bireylerin duygu ve düşüncelerini, mutluluk düzeylerini ve psikopatolojik semptomlarını etkileme gücüne sahiptir. Bu yüzden, özellikle Zimbardo Zaman Perspektifi yaklaşımı ve ölçümünün de etkisiyle zaman perspektifi son dönemde araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Gelecek zaman perspektifi ise belirsizlik içeren doğası sebebi ile ayrıca ilgi odağı olmaktadır. Ancak, ilgili yazında zaman perspektifinin ölçümü ve kavramsallaştırılması ile ilgili farklı yaklaşımlar ve çelişkili bulgular bulunmaktadır. Bu farklılıkların ve çelişkilerin olası sebeplerinden birisi kullanılan ölçüm araçlarının, zaman perspektifini özellikle de gelecek boyutunu farklı şekillerde ele almasıdır. Bu yüzden, gelecek zaman perspektifini ölçen araçların birbirleri ile ilişkisi, bir başka deyişle, yapı geçerliklerinin bir arada ele alınması yazına ışık tutması açısından önemlidir. Buradan hareketle, gelecek boyutu ölçümünde kullanılan araçların ilişkileri incelenerek ilgili yazında yer alan çelişkili bulguların altında yatan sebeplere ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, gelecek zaman perspektifinin ölçümünde kullanılan farklı ölçme araçlarının birbirleri ile ilişkisi 311 katılımcı üzerinde incelenmiştir. Gelecek perspektifini ölçmek için Zimbardo Zaman Perspektifi Ölçeği (ZZPÖ) gelecek boyutu, Dengeli Zaman Perspektifi Ölçeği’nin (DZPÖ) gelecek boyutu ve Geleceğe İlişkin Tutumlar Ölçeği (GİTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyon analizleri ve ikinci dereceden faktör analizi sonuçları, yaygın olarak kullanılan ZZPÖ’nün gelecek boyutunun GİTÖ-planlı gelecek boyutu ile ilişkili olduğunu, dolayısıyla gelecek ile ilgili bilişsel bileşenleri ölçtüğünü göstermiştir. Ayrıca, analizler GİTÖ’nün olumlu ve korkulu gelecek boyutları ile DZPÖ-gelecek boyutlarının ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu boyutlar ise gelecek perspektifinin duygusal bileşenlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bulgular, gelecek perspektifinin çok boyutlu ve farklı bileşenleri olan bir yapısı olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gelecek zaman perspektifi, Zimbardo zaman perspektifi ölçümü, ölçek geçerliği, ikinci dereceden faktör analizi, yapı geçerliği

A New Look at the Measurement and Concept of Future Time Perspective

A new look at the measurement and concept of future time perspective shows that it has the potential to influence human emotion and cognition, well-being, and psychopathological symptoms. Therefore, especially following the Zimbardo Time Perspective approach and using its relevant measure, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), time perspective has attracted the attention of researchers. Future time perspective, with its ambiguous and uncertain nature, has attracted special attention among the past, present, and future perspectives. However, measurement and conceptualization of future time perspective is complex, and research in this field produced mixed and contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between different future time perspective measures in order to provide a theoretical explanation about mixed findings and further the validity of relevant measures. In the current study, the relationship between different future time perspective measures was investigated using 311 participants. In order to measure future time perspective, the Future subscale of the ZTPI, the Future subscale of the Balanced Time perspective Scale (BTPS), and the Attitudes Towards Future Scale (ATFS) were administered. The results of correlation and second-order factor analyses revealed that the ZTPI-Future subscale is compatible with planned future subscale of ATFS. Thus, the ZTPI-Future subscale seems to measure the cognitive component of the future time perspective. The results indicated that future time perspective is a multi-dimensional construct that includes qualitatively distinct components.

Keywords:

Future time perspective, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, scale validation, second-order factor analysis, construct validity,

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