Hava Kirliliği Ölçümlerine Farklı Bir Bakış

Bu çalışmanın amacı Karabük ilindeki hava kirliliğini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla tarafımızdan yeni bir hava kirliliği ölçüm cihazı tasarlanmış ve üretilmiştir. Ölçüm cihazı SO2, CO2, CO, CH4, NOX, O3, PM2,5 ve VOC kirletici parametreleri ile birlikte birçok atmosferik parametreyi de aynı zamanlı olarak ölçebilmektedir. Ölçümler Haziran 2021' den başlayarak bir yıllık süre için yapılmıştır. Ölçüm noktalarının sayısı 50 olarak belirlenmiş ve 8 portatif ekipman ile anlık olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu ölçüm değerleri kullanılarak saatlik ve aylık ortalama değerler hesaplanmıştır. Ortalamanın hesaplanması için birçok istatistiksel analiz yapılmış ve doğru ortalama değer istatistisel analizler ile belirlenmiştir. Ortalama (geometrik, harmonik, kök, çeyrekler arası, Winsorized metodu), medyan, orta aralık, çarpıklık ve basıklık analizleri yapılarak en doğru günlük ve aylık ortalama değerler, ölçümlerdeki uç değerlerin veri setlerinden çıkarılması ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu analizler aralıklı ölçüm değerlerinin ortalamasını bulmak için oldukça önemlidir. Veri analizlerine göre konsantrasyonlar, ölçüm süresi boyunca önemli ölçüde değişmektedir. En yüksek konsantrasyon, sırasıyla 186,4, 170, 204,9 ve 265 µg/m3 değerleriyle SO2, CO, NOX ve PM2,5 için gözlenmiştir. Bütün bu değerler standardların üzerindedir ve insan sağlığı için tehlikelidir. Yükseklik, sıcaklıklar, atmosferik basınç ve rüzgar, atmosfer kirliliği için hassas parametrelerdir. Karabük ilinde ölçüm noktalarının çoğu çoklu kirlilik kaynaklarından etkilenmektedir. Dağılım diyagramları da bu gerçeği desteklemektedir. Kış aylarında kirlilik önemli ölçüde artmaktadır. Ancak O3 ve VOC parametreleri diğer kirleticilere göre farklı bir eğilim göstermektedir. Bu iki parametrenin konsantrasyonu bahar mevsiminde sırasıyla %78,1 ve %43,2 oranında artmaktadır. Atmosferdeki sıcaklık artışına bağlı olarak oluşan fotokimyasal reaksiyonlar sonunda bu parametrelerin konsantrasyonlarının arttığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hava Kirliliği, İstatistiksel Analizler, Kriging, CBS haritalama, Yeni ölçüm modülü

A Different Perspective on Air Pollution Measurements

This study aims to determine the air pollution in Karabük province. For this purpose, a new equipment has been designed. The equipment can measure the SO2, CO2, CO, CH4, NOX, O3, PM2.5, and VOC pollution alongside with many atmospheric parameters. The measurement period has been decided to be one year starting from June 2021. The measurement period was one year, starting from June 2021. The measurements were taken at fifty points with 8 portable intermittent equipment. Then hourly and monthly averages were calculated. The calculation of the averages depends on many statistical analyses. The mean (geometric, harmonic, root, interquartile, Winsorized), median, midrange, Skewness, and Kurtosis analyses were done to obtain correct daily, and monthly averages. These analyses are necessary to comment on the intermittent measurement averages. The analyses of the collected data showed that the concentrations are changing considerably through the measurement period. The highest concentration was observed for the SO2, CO, NOX, and PM2.5 with respective values of 186.4, 170, 204.9, and 265 µg/m3. All these values are dangerous for human health. Elevation, temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and wind are sensitive parameters for atmospheric pollution. In Karabük province, most of the measurement points are affected by multi-pollution sources. The scatter diagrams also support this fact. During winter months, the pollution increases instantly. However, O3 and VOC parameters show different trends as compared to other pollutants. The concentration of these two parameters, namely O3 and VOC, increases during spring months. The O3 and VOC increase by 78.1%, and 43.2%, respectively due to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere in spring.

Keywords:

Air Pollution, Statistical Analyses, Kriging, GIS mapping, A new equipment,

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