19415

CBR testleri ile yollar için fiber türlerinin araştırılması

Bilindiği gibi, lifler yol üstyapısının tasarımı için iyileştirme malzemelerinden biri olabilir. Ancak farklı tiplerin California Rulman Oranı (CBR) ve kaplama kalınlığı üzerindeki etkileri henüz bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada granüler kaplama tabakasında farklı yöntemlerle altı farklı lif türü kullanılmıştır. Kompozit donatılı modeller için öncelikle kaplama tabakasına lifler katman olarak eklenmiş, daha sonra toprakla karıştırılmış ve son olarak toprakla karıştırılmış ve katman olarak geotekstil eklenmiştir. Bu üç yöntem kullanılarak farklı tipteki donatıların CBR ve taşıma gücü oranı değerlerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak, kaplama tabakası kalınlığı üzerindeki etkiler hesaplanmış ve lif takviyeli numunenin en iyi konfigürasyonu için bir maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, farklı liflerin farklı davranışlar gösterebildiği ve küçük penetrasyon seviyeleri için bazılarının CBR değerlerini iyileştiremediği ve artan penetrasyon taşıma kapasite oranları artırıldığı gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle gerçek projeler için lif donatı kullanmadan önce maliyet ve performans analizi yapılması gerekliliği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

lifler, maliyet avantajı, CBR, taşıma kapasitesi oranı

Investigation of Different Types of Fibers for Roads by CBR Tests

In this study, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests in a laboratory were performed to observe the behaviour of granular layer fills reinforced with discrete fibers. Six different fiber types were used in granular road layer by using different methods. Firstly, fibers were added in the road as a layer, then they mixed with soil particles, and as a third method they mixed with soil by laying a geotextile in the road layer, in other words it was used as combine reinforced model. And as the last method only a geotextile was laid and used in the pavement soil. By using these methods, the influence of different type of reinforcements on CBR and bearing capacity ratio values were investigated. Additionally, effects on the pavement layer thickness were calculated and for the best configuration of fiber reinforced sample a cost analysis was conducted. As a result of the study, CBR test values for each fiber type used in the study have different values, and for small penetration levels some test results show no improvement for bearing capacity ratio of the road. It was noticed that when increasing the penetration level, the bearing capacity ratios have larger values. Thus, cost and layer thickness numbers were various for different reinforced road layer models. Therefore, in the real life road projects before using fiber types, cost and performance analysis should be made to determine the more effective one.

Keywords:

pavement fibers, cost benefit, CBR, bearing capacity ratio,

PDF

___

[1] Shen Y., Tang Y., Yin J., Li M., Wen T. ‘‘An experimental investigation on strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced clayey soil treated with lime or cement’’, Construction and Building Materials, 294, 2: 123537, (2021).
[2] Enieb M., Diab A., Yang X. ‘‘Short- and long-term properties of glass fiber reinforced asphalt mixtures’’, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 22, 1: 64-76, (2021).
[3] Alaskar A., Alabduljabbar H., Mohamed, A.M., Arshoudi F., Alyousef R. ‘‘Abrasion and skid resistance of concrete containing waste polypropylene fibers and palm oil fuel ash as pavement material’’, Construction and Building Materials, 282, 3: 122681, (2021).
[4] Connolly D.P., Yu H.S. ‘‘A shakedown limit calculation method for geogrid reinforced soils under moving loads’’, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 49, 3: 688-696, (2021).
[5] Tingle J.S., Santoni, R.L., Webster S.L. ‘‘ Full-Scale Field Tests of Discrete Fiber-Reinforced Sand ’’, Journal of Transportation Engineering: 128 (1): 9-16 (2002).
[6] Anusudha, V., Sunitha, V., Mathew, S. ‘‘Performance of coir geotextile reinforced subgrade for low volume roads’’, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14: 213-221, (2021).
[7] Khattak M. and Alrashidi M. ‘‘ Durability and mechanistic characteristics of fiber reinforced soil–cement mixtures ’’, The International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 7 (1): 53–62, (2006).
[8] Hejazi S.M., Sheikhzadeh M., Abtahi S.M. and Zadhoush A. ‘‘A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and synthetic fibers ’’, Construction and Building Materials, 30: 100–116 (2012).
[9] Chandra S., Viladkar M.N. and Nagrale P.P. ‘‘ Mechanistic Approach for Fiber-Reinforced Flexible Pavements ’’, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 134 (1), (2008).
[10] Gray D.H. and Al-Refeai T. ‘‘ Behavior of fabric versus fiber reinforced sand ’’, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 112 (8): 804–820 (1986).
[11] Jha J.N., Choudhary A.K., Gill K.S. and Shukla S.K. ‘‘ Behavior of plastic waste fiber-reinforced industrial wastes in pavement applications ’’, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 8 (3): 277-286, (2014).
[12] Kravchenko E., Liu J., Niu W., Zhang S. ‘‘ Performance of Clay Soil Reinforced with Fibers Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles ’’, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 153: 18-24, (2018).
[13] Cui H., Jin Z., Bao X., Tang W., Dong B. ‘‘ Effect of Carbon Fiber and Nanosilica on Shear Properties of Silty Soil and the Mechanisms ’’, Construction and Building Materials, 189: 286-295 (2018).
[14] Abbaspour M., Aflaki E., Nejad F.M. ‘‘ Reuse of Waste Tire Textile Fibers as Soil Reinforcement ’’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 207: 1059-1071, (2019).
[15] Hanafi M., Aydin E., Ekinci A. ‘‘Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Bottom Ash Cement Paste Composites’’, Materials, 13 (8), 1952, (2020).
[16] Atiyeh M., Aydin E. ‘‘Carbon-Fiber Enriched Cement-Based Composites for Better Sustainability’’, Materials, 13 (8), 1899, (2020).
[17] AASHTO T 193-13. ‘‘ The standard method of test for the California bearing ratio ’’, Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, (2017).
[18] ASTM Standard D2487-06. ‘‘Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) Annual Book of ASTM Standards ’’, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, (2006).
[19] Sarbaz H., Ghiassian H., Heshmati A.A. ‘‘ CBR strength of reinforced soil with natural fibres and considering environmental conditions ’’, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 15 (7): 577- 583 (2014).
[20] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. AASHTO guide for design of pavement structures, Washington, D.C., (1993).
[21] Heukelom W., Klomp A.J.G. ‘‘Dynamic Testing as a Means of Controlling Pavements During and After Construction’’, Proceedings, 1st Int. Conf. on Struct. Des. Of Asphalt Pavement, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1962, p. 667-679.
[22] Cicek E., Guler E., Yetimoglu T. ‘‘Effect of reinforcement length for different geosynthetic reinforcements on strip footing on sand soil’’, Soils and Foundations, 55, (4): 661-677, (2015).
[23] Yashas S.R., Muralidhar H.R. ‘‘Improvement of CBR using Jute Fiber for the Design of Flexible Pavement’’, International Journal of Engineering Research Technology (IJERT), 4-9, (2015).
[24] Pandit P., Qureshi F., Nagar S., Singh A. ‘‘Experimental Analysis of CBR Value of Soil Reinforced with Jute and Coir Fiber for the Evaluation of Pavement Thickness’’, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7-5, 439-446, (2016).
[25] Roldán-Oliden P., Calvo-Jurado C. ‘‘Influence of Traffic and Road Surface Materials on Elastic Behavior of Layered Pavements’’, Journal of Polytechnic, 1-1, (2021).
[26] Onturk K., Firat S., Vural I., Khatib J.M. ‘‘Improvement of Road Sub-base Fill by Using Waste Marble Dust and Fly Ash’’, Journal of Polytechnic, 17-1, (2014).
[27] Kulekci G., Cullu M. ‘‘The Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Composites Produced With the Use of Alternative Wastes’’, Journal of Polytechnic, 24-3, (2021).