Çiftçilerin Gözünden Tarım Politikalarının Dayanıklılığı

Son yıllarda tarım sektörü, aşırı hava olayları, ürün hastalıkları, pazar belirsizlikleri ve ekonomik krizler gibi birçok zorlukla karşı karşıyadır. Yaşanan bu olaylar, gün geçtikçe sektörde yer alan aktörleri üretim faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirirken daha da zorlamaktadır. Bu sorunlara çözüm bulabilmek adına, akademide ve politika yapıcılar arasında, değişen koşullara uyum sağlayabilme yetisini vurgulayan dayanıklılık kavramının sıklıkla tartışıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, dayanıklılık kavramı ışığında tarım politikalarını çiftçilerin gözünden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Antalya Kumluca bölgesinde çiftçilerle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Saha çalışmasından elde edilen bulgular, On Birinci Kalkınma Planı’nda yer alan politika hedefleri kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Bulgular çiftçilerin mevcut ekonomik durumlarının yetersiz olduğu, girdi maliyetlerinin fazlalığından kaynaklanan sorunlar yaşadıkları, pazara erişim sürecinde kooperatifleşmeyi ve devlet kontrolünü gerekli gördükleri ve inovatif üretim yapabilmeleri için maliyetlerin düşürülmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. İncelenen On Birinci Kalkınma Planı’nda her ne kadar politika yapıcıların çiftçilerin sorunlarını çözmeye yönelik girişimlerde bulundukları, çiftçilerin istekleri ve beklentileri doğrultusunda hedefler geliştirdikleri tespit edilmiş olsa da sektörde yaşanan sorunların yıllardır devam ediyor olması, politikaların uygulanma sürecinde çözülmesi gereken sorunların olduğunu göstermektedir.

Resilience of Agricultural Policies Through the Eyes of Farmers

In recent years, the agricultural sector has experienced many challenges, such as extreme weather events, plant diseases, market uncertainties and economic crises. These challenges have become more and more severe for related actors of the sector, especially for farmers. In order to tackle these problems, the concept of resilience, which emphasizes the ability to adapt to changing conditions,has recently been discussed in academia as a solution to adapt the changing conditions. This article aims to evaluate agricultural policies through the lens of farmers within the perspective of resilience discussions. In this context, face-to-face interviews were held with farmers in Antalya Kumluca region. Findings of the case study were discussed within the scope of the policy objectives contained in the Eleventh Development Plan. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the current economic situation of farmers is insufficient, that they have problems caused by excess of input costs, that they consider co-operative and state control necessary in the process of accessing the market, and that costs should be reduced in order to make innovative products. Another finding in the study is that farmers need more government support to eliminate these problems. Although it has been determined that policy makers have developed targets in accordance with the wishes and expectations of farmers in the examined plan, the fact that the problems experienced in the sector have been going on for many years shows that there are still problems need to be solved in the implementation process.

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