Diş hekimiğinde kullanılan büyütme sistemleri: derleme

AbstractMagnifying systems in dentistry, range from compound lopues to prism telescopic loupes and vast variety of surgical microscopes. Compound loupes have an array of convergent multiple lenses. Galilean loupes are lightweight, cheap and are simple to operate while compared to other compound loupes. Their only disadvantages are limited magnification and a blurry peripheral border of the visual field. Prismatic loupes provide better magnification, wider depths of field. This also ensures the users to have long working distances and if compared with other loops they have larger fields of view. The ranges of magnification of these loupes are around 1.5x to 6x. The surgical microscopes provide much greater magnification, higher optical performance when matched with normal dental loupes. The advantages of surgical microscopes are that the focusing or the changes in magnification can be done real time. Objective lens and illumination is in par with the viewer's line of vision, consequently, the surgical spot will be lightened and the surgeon avails a shadow-free clear vision. The powerful magnifications that are more than 16x, in some instances as high as 32x or 40x, are commonly used for diagnostic purposes. Intra-surgical examinations and some type of "difficult-to-detect" findings are located using such microscopes. Keywords: Magnification Devices, Dental Microscope, Dental Loupes, Microsurgery, Prismatic LoupesÖzDiş hekimliğinde kullanılan büyütme sistemleri, bileşik luplar, Galilean luplar, prizmatik luplar, ve cerrahi operasyon mikroskoplarına varan çeşitlilikler göstermektedir. Bileşik luplarda konverjan (yakınsak) mercekler belirli bir düzene göre yerleştirilir. Galilean tipi luplar, bileşik luplara göre daha ucuz, kullanımı kolay ve hafiftir. Büyütme oranın limitli olması ve görüş alanının periferal kısmının bulanık olması bu lupların dezavantajıdır. Prizmatik luplarda ise büyütme oranı ve alan derinliği artmıştır ve daha uzun çalışma mesafesi sağlayarak görüş alanını arttırmaktadır. Büyütme aralığı x1.5 ile x6 arasında değişmektedir. Cerrahi mikroskoplar, dental luplar ile karşılaştırıldığında daha üstün büyütme gücü ve optik performans sunar. Cerrahi mikroskopların önemli avantajları ise odaklamanın veya büyütmedeki değişikliklerin işlem sırasında yapılabiliyor olması, ışığın verildiği ve görüntünün alındığı kaynak aynı olduğu için gölge oluşmamasıdır. Daha net ve büyütülmüş bir görüntü, eksizyonel işlemlerde, sinir cerrahisinde, yumuşak doku greftlemesi gibi işlemlerde fayda sağlamaktadır. x16’dan daha büyük, x32 veya x40 büyütmeye sahip mikroskoplar genellikle tanı amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Cerrahi sırasındaki tespit edilmesi zor olan bulgular bu tip mikroskoplar ile teşhis edilebilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimler: Büyütme sistemleri, dental mikroskop,dental lup, mikrocerrahi, prizmatik luplar

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Büyütme sistemleri, dental mikroskop, dental büyüteç, mikrocerrahi, prizmatik büyüteçler

Magnification devices in dentistry: a review

Magnifying systems in dentistry, range from compound loupes to prism telescopic loupes and vast variety of surgical microscopes. Compound loupes have an array of convergent multiple lenses. Galilean loupes are lightweight, cheap and are simple to operate while compared to other compound loupes. Their only disadvantages are limited magnification and a blurry peripheral border of the visual field. Prismatic loupes provide better magnification, wider depths of field. This also ensures the users to have long working distances and if compared with other loops they have larger fields of view. The ranges of magnification of these loupes are around 1.5x to 6x. The surgical microscopes provide much greater magnification, higher optical performance when matched with normal dental loupes. The advantages of surgical microscopes are that the focusing or the changes in magnification can be done real time. Objective lens and illumination is in par with the viewer's line of vision, consequently, the surgical spot will be lightened and the surgeon avails a shadow-free clear vision. The powerful magnifications that are more than 16x, in some instances as high as 32x or 40x, are commonly used for diagnostic purposes. Intra-surgical examinations and some type of "difficult-to-detect" findings are located using such microscopes.

Keywords:

Magnification devices, dental microscope, dental loupes, microsurgery, prismatic loupes,

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