Sadabad Paktı (8 Temmuz 1937): İttifak Kuramları Açısından Bir İnceleme

Bu makale modern Ortadoğu’nun ilk bölgesel güvenlik ittifakı olan ve bölgede bağımsızlıklarını yeni ilan etmiş olan dört devlet (Türkiye, İran, Irak ve Afganistan) tarafından kurulan Sadabad Paktı’nı analiz etmektedir. Bunu yaparken de paktın kuruluşunda rol oynayan dinamikleri anlamak üzere başta gelen ittifak kuramlarını kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Makalenin temel amacı bu ittifak kuramlarının Sadabad Paktı’nın kuruluşunu açıklamakta yetersiz kaldıklarını, bunun da temel nedeninin bu kuramların ittifak davranışını açıklamakta tek bir faktöre, ya iç ya da dış tehdit algılarına odaklanması olduğunu göstermektir. Bunun yerine makalede yukarıda zikredilen devletleri Sadabad Paktı’nı oluşturmaya yönelten iç ve dış etmenlerin bir arada değerlendirildiği ve ittifak davranışına katkıda bulunan genel/bölgesel ve özel/bireysel dinamiklerin topluca incelendiği bir alternatif yaklaşım oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İttifak Kuramları, Sadabad Paktı, Ortadoğu, Türkiye, İran, Irak, Afganistan

Sadabad Pact (8 July 1937): An Analysis Based on Alliance Theories

This article analyzes the first regional security alliance of the modern Middle East, the Sadabad Pact, which was established by the newly-independent states of the region, being Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan. In doing that it tries to employ major alliance theories to understand the dynamics leading to the establishment of the pact. The article argues that alliance theories are insufficient to explain the establishment of the Sadabad Pact because they are generally obstructed by their overemphasis on a single factor, being either internal or external threat perceptions. It is intended to offer an alternative approach to understand the motives that directed the aforementioned states to establish the Sadabad Pact by combining both internal and external factors and by focusing on general/regional as well as specific/individual dynamics contributing to this alliance behaviour

Keywords:

Alliance Theories, Sadabad Pact, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan,

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