Seismic protection of museum collections: İessons learned after the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey

Türkiye, ülkenin üçte ikisini kaplayan üç ana fay hattında meydana gelen büyük depremlerle uzun bir simik geçmişe sahiptir. 1999 yılında Türkiye’nin kuzeybatısında meydana gelen iki büyük depremi izleyen dönemde, hastane, okul veya idari binalarda pek çok önlem alınmıştır. Bu iki deprem, müze koleksiyonlarının ve binalarının depreme karşı korunmasına yönelik önlemler alınması konusunda müze uzmanları ve idarecileri harekete geçirmiştir. 1999 depremlerinden sonra, müze koleksiyonlarının depreme karşı korunması konusunda birçok proje, bilimsel araştırma, eğitim çalışması ve toplantı gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bu çalışmalar halen devam etmektedir. Müze koleksiyonlarının depreme karşı korunması konusu Türkiye’de nispeten yeni bir konudur. Her ne kadar bu konu ABD, Japonya, Yunanistan, İtalya ve Hindistan gibi bazı deprem ülkelerindeki müze uzmanları ya da mühendislerin 30 yıldan fazla bir süredir gündeminde olsa da, dünyada korumayla ilgili yazında yeterince ele alınmamıştır. Makalede, Türkiye’deki müzelerin 1999 depremleri öncesinde karşılaştığı sorunlar ve son on yılda ulusal ve kurumsal olarak alınan önlemler hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Makalede yer alan bilgiler, iki ayrı anket çalışması, yazın taraması ve gözlemlerle desteklenmiştir. Makale, benzer sorunlara sahip diğer deprem ülkelerine uygulanabilecek önerilerle son bulmaktadır. Türkiye’deki müzelerde alınan önlemlerden örnekler ve ileriye yönelik önerilerle makale yazına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Müze envanterinin depreme karşı korunması: Türkiye’de 1999 depremlerinden çıkarılan dersler

Turkey has a long history of large earthquakes in three major fault zones that place two-thirds of the country. Following the two major earthquakes that struck the nortwestern part of Turkey in 1999, several attempts have been taken at hospitals, schools or administrative buildings. The two earthquakes prompted museum professionals and policymakers to consider measures to protect museum collections as well as buildings against earthquake. After the 1999 earthquakes, various projects, scientific researches, trainings and meetings were and are still being held on the seismic protection of museum collections and there are ongoing efforts. Seismic protection of museum collections is a relatively new topic in Turkey. Although the subject is on the agenda of museum professionals or engineers in some of the earthquake-prone countries such as USA, Japan, Greece, Italy and India in more than three decades, it is not represented enough in the world preservation/conservation literature. The paper aims to provide information about the challenges faced in Turkish museums before the 1999 earthquakes, and mitigation efforts taken at national and institutional levels in the last decade. The data is complemented with two questionnaire surveys, as well as literature review and observations. It concludes with suggestions that might be applied to other earthquakeprone countries which have similar problems. The paper provides an input to the literature through the examples of mitigation efforts in Turkish museums and suggestions for future actions.

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