Kentsel ulaşım sektöründe enerji verimliliği: Uluslararası bir karşılaştırma

Kentsel ulaşım, enerji tüketiminin giderek artan bir öğesidir. Arabalaşma, kentsel yayılma ve yetersiz toplu taşıma, enerji tüketimini artırmanın yanında enerji verimliliğini de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada kentsel ulaşımda enerji verimliliğine etki eden faktörleri, dünyanın değişik bölgelerindeki 75 kente ait veriler ile Stokastik Sınır Regresyon Modeli kullanarak belirlemeye çalıştık. Genel olarak kentsel yoğunluk hem özel ulaşımda hem de toplu taşımada enerji verimliliğini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, özel ulaşım için yakıt maliyetleri enerji verimliliğini belirleyen en önemli bağımsız değişken iken toplu taşıma için izli yolların varlığı enerji verimliliğini artırmaktadır. Ancak, gelişmiş ülkelerde toplu taşımanın daha çok enerji harcaması, bu ülkelerdeki kullanım azlığı ile ilgilidir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, kentsel ulaşımda enerji verimliliğinin artırılması için uygulanan politikaların özel ulaşım ile toplu taşımanın beraber düşünülerek koordineli uygulanmasını önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

enerji tüketimi

Energy efficiency in urban transport: an international comparison

Urban transport has been increasingly becoming a primary element in energy consumption. Increasing car ownership causes urban sprawl and renders public transport ineffective. Together these cause not only an increase in energy consumption but also inefficient energy consumption. In this study, the factors that affect energy efficiency are specified and estimated by Stochastic Frontier Regression Model with available data of 75 cities in the world. It is found that urban compactness increases energy efficiency in private and public transport. Fuel cost is the most significant independent variable in private transport that promotes energy efficiency. As for the public transit, reserved roads increase energy efficiency. This study shows that employing policies effective for private tranport as well as public transport in coordination might be the most effective tool in reducing cost instead of uncoordinated applications.

Keywords:

energy consumption,

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