KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN FİNANSAL SOSYALİZASYONU VE FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞI ÜZERİNE İZMİR İLİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Finansal sosyalizasyon bireylerin finansal bilgilerini, becerilerini, tutumlarını ve davranışlarını şekillendirmesine katkı sağlayan bir süreçtir. Bireylerin; aile, arkadaşlar, okul, medya ve din gibi farklı finansal sosyalizasyon araçlarından etkilendiği bu süreçte, finansal karar alma anlayışlarının temeli oluşmaktadır. Finansal araçları ve kavramları öğrenen bireylerin, daha rasyonel kararlar alarak, finansal iyiliği sağlayacak davranışlar sergilemesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Literatürdeki çalışmalarda da finansal sosyalizasyon, bireylerin finansal okuryazar olma vasfı kazanması ve davranışlarının şekillenmesine etki eden önemli unsurlardan biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çerçeveden hareketle çalışmanın amacı, finansal sosyalizasyonun kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlığı üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmada, İzmir ilinde faaliyet gösteren bir iş kadınları derneğinin üyelerinden yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Mülakatlarda finansal okuryazarlığın gelir, bütçe, harcama, tasarruf, borçlanma, yatırım ve emeklilik boyutları ekseninde, finansal sosyalizasyonun finansal tutum ve davranışların şekillenmesinde nasıl bir rolü olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, finansal sosyalizasyon araçlarından “ailenin” örneklemde yer alan kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlığı üzerinde etkili bir role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Finansal sosyalizasyon sürecinde aileden etkilenen kadın girişimcilerin benzer tutum ve davranışlar sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, örneklemdeki kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlık boyutlarında bilinçli tutum ve davranışlar sergiledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

A RESEARCH ON FINANCIAL SOCIALIZATION AND FINANCIAL LITERACY OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN IZMIR PROVINCE

Financial socialization is a process that contributes to shape individuals ' financial knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. Individuals who learn financial instruments and concepts by being influenced by different financial socialization tools such as family, friends, school, media and religion can make more rational decisions and exhibit behaviors that will provide financial well-being in this process. Also, financial socialization is considered as one of the important factors that affect individuals' acquisition of financial literacy and shaping their behavior in the literature. In this context, the study aims to investigate the role of financial socialization on the financial literacy of women entrepreneurs. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview technique from the members of a business women association operating in Izmir province. As a result of the study in which financial literacy was examined on the line of income, budget, spending, saving, borrowing, investment, and retirement, it was observed that the “family” has an effective role on the financial literacy of women entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs who were affected by the family also displayed similar attitudes and behaviors. Besides, it was concluded that the women entrepreneurs in the sample exhibited conscious attitudes and behaviors in financial literacy dimensions.

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