Friedrich List & Joseph Schumpeter: Strange bedfellows in the pedigree of (development) economics?

Friedrich List gelişme iktisadının sınırlı bir kapsamı olduğunu düşünmüş; Joseph Schumpeter ise gelişme iktisadını genelleştirmiştir. Bu saptamadan yola çıkarak bu yazıda List'in yaklaşımı ayrıntılı olarak incelenmektedir. List'e göre, kuramlar zamana ve mekâna bağlıdır ve tarihsel/kurumsal parametreler kuramların uygulanabilirliğini belirlemeye yarar. Tarihin ve kurumların belirleyici öneme sahip olduğu bir çerçevede, iktisadi iç dinamikler gelişmenin ve değişimin tek itici gücü olarak ele alınamaz. Schumpeter'in yaklaşımı evrimsel iktisat, List'in yaklaşımı ise kurumsal iktisat ile daha yakından bağlantılıdır. Evrimsel iktisat ve kurumsal iktisat arasında belirli farklar vardır ama bu iki yaklaşım yine de birbirinden uzak sayılamaz. Bu yakınlık, List ve Schumpeter'in bir araya getirilmesi güç ama gerekli olan katkılarını 'gelişme'ye elverişli, çağdaş bir iktisat bağlamında anlayabilmenin anahtarıdır. Bu yazıda, List ve Schumpeter kapitalist gelişmeyi ve iktisadi evrimi kavrayışları bakımından karşılaştırılmakta ve bu iki iktisatçının yaklaşımları arasında belirli bir bireşim oluşturulmaktadır.

Friedrich List ve Joseph Schumpeter: Gelişme iktisadının soyağacında zıt görünümlü yol arkadaşları

Arguing that Joseph Schumpeter generalized development economics, whereas List saw it as of limited scope, we take a closer look at List's approach. We discover that, for List, theories are time- and space-bound, and historical and institutional parameters help define their applicability. When history and institutions matter, mere internal dynamics cannot be taken as the sole motor-force of development and change. While Schumpeter's approach is associated with evolutionary economics, List's is affiliated with institutional economics. Institutional economics and evolutionary economics are not exactly the same but they are not poles apart either. This holds the key to understanding the uneasy yet inevitable combination to which List and Schumpeter contribute in the context of contemporary development-friendly economics. It is in this vein that we attempt to compare, contrast and somewhat synthesize List and Schumpeter in terms of their conceptions of capitalist development and economic evolution.

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