Egemen Kaya, Deniz AKPINAR, Havva AKPINAR

Bağımlılığın Patofizyolojisi

Alkol, sigara ve yasaklı maddelerin kullanımı, yol açtığı sağlık problemlerinin yanında, iş gücünde kayba ve suça eğilimde artmaya sebep olmasıyla, ortaya çıkan maddi ve manevi hasarı daha da arttırmaktadır. Bağımlılık sadece maddelere karşı oluşmamakta, kumar, internet, yeme, iş, egzersiz, alışveriş bağımlılığı gibi türlerle de günümüzde giderek çeşitliliği artmaktadır. Tedavi edilebilmesine rağmen, nükslerin sıklığı ile karakterizedir. Beyin yapıları, çevresel ve kişiye bağlı etkenler, genetik özellikler bağımlılık gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır. Kullanılan maddeler bağımlılık oluşumuna sebep olurken, ödül sistemi, karar verme, hafıza ile ilgili beyin yapılarında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Mezokortikolimbik sistem, ödül sisteminin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Dopamin bu sistemdeki ana nörotransmiterdir. Kumar, internet kullanımı, yeme, alışveriş gibi davranışlar da, bağımlılığa yol açan maddeler gibi ödül yolağını aktive ederek, DA salımını arttırmaktadır. Mezokortikolimbik yolak ve bağlantılı beyin yapılarındaki bozukluklar bağımlılık oluşumunda rol oynamaktadır. Dopaminerjik mezokortikolimbik sistem dışında, başka sistem ve nörotansmiterlerin de bağımlılık gelişiminde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Alkol, Madde Bağımlılığı, Mezokortikolimbik Sistem, Nikotin

Pathophysiology of Addiction

The use of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, apart from causing health problems, also increases the loss of labor and tendency to crime. Addiction not only occurs against substances, but also varies as gambling, internet, eating, work, exercise and shopping addiction. Although it can be treated, it is characterized by the high frequency of recurrences. Brain parts, environmental and individual factors, genetic characteristics play a major role in the development of addiction. While the substance use causes addiction, they lead to changes in the reward system, decision-making and memory related brain parts. The mesocorticolimbic system is an important part of the reward system. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter in this system. Behaviors such as gambling, internet use, eating and shopping also increase the release of dopamine by activating the reward pathway, such as substances that cause addiction. Disorders in the mesocorticolimbic pathway and associated brain parts play a role in the formation of addiction. Apart from the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system, other systems and neurotansmitters are thought to be effective in the development of addiction.

Keywords:

Alcohol, Drug Addiction, Mesocorticolimbic System, Nicotine,

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