HALKBİLİMİ ÇALIŞMALARINDA DİSİPLİNLERARASILIK: “NEDEN”, “NE ZAMAN”, “NEREDE” VE “NASIL”?

Günümüzde müstakil bir disipliner yetkinliğe ulaşmış bulunan halkbiliminin -zaman zaman ve yanlış bir şekilde- çeşitli disiplinlere bağımlı ya da onların bir alt çalışma alanı imiş gibi değerlendirilebildiği görülmektedir. Bunda, halkbiliminin inceleme alanına giren konuları derlemek, incelemek ve çözümlemek için kullanabileceği kendine özgü kuram ve yöntemleri oluşturmakta diğer disiplinlere görece hayli geç kalmasının da etkisi büyük olmalıdır. Bu algının oluşmasında yine, halkbiliminin inceleme alanına giren konuların uzun yıllar boyunca, farklı disiplinlerde uzmanlaşmış araştırmacılar tarafından çalışılması da etkili olmuştur.  Bireyin ve toplumun kültürel üretim ve tüketim biçimlerini çeşitli yönleriyle ve kendine özgü yöntemlerle inceleyen halkbiliminin, insan ve toplum bilimlerinin diğer disiplinleri ile yakından ilişkili olduğu tartışmadan uzak bir konudur. Hatta halkbilimini, inceleme alanına giren konuların incelenip çözümlenmesi süreçlerinde disiplinlerarası etkileşimlere en açık disiplinlerden biri olarak tanımlamak yanlış olmayacaktır.  Dolayısıyla da müstakil bir disiplin olarak kendi kuramsal zeminini günden güne güçlendirerek konu kadrolarını genişleten halkbilimi ile diğer insan ve toplum bilimleri ile sosyal bilimler disiplinleri arasındaki ilişki ve etkileşimlerin kuramsal bir çerçevede tartışılması artık bir gereklilikten çok zorunluluk halini almıştır. Bu dikkatten hareketle çalışmada, halkbilimini disiplinlerarası kılan temel nitelikler ile halkbilimi çalışmalarında disiplinlerarası yaklaşımlardan nasıl yararlanılabileceği gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca, halkbiliminin müstakil bir disiplin olarak diğer kültür bilimi disiplinlerine nasıl katkı sağlayabileceği de tartışılmıştır. Böylece, kültür bilimleri alanında disiplinlerarasılık konusu, halkbilimi çalışmaları örnekleminde çeşitli yönleriyle değerlendirilmiştir.

INTERDISCIPLINARYISM IN FOLKLORE STUDIES: WHY, WHEN, WHERE AND HOW?

There is little doubt that folklore, which has generally attained a sense of self-disciplinary competence, can actually be regarded as being dependent on various disciplines or as a sub-branch of other fields of study. There within this, the fact that folklore has emerged relatively late in comparison to other disciplines therefore has a considerable impact upon how it forms its own unique theories and methods in which it uses compile, examine, and analyze topics that fall within its broad umbrella. This perception has also been influenced by the fact that the subjects within the field of folklore have long been studied by researchers specializing in other disciplines.  Folklore examines the cultural production and absorption of both individuals and societies alike from various angles using its own unique methodology, and yet is closely related to other disciplines that fall under the humanities and social sciences. In fact, it would not be wrong to define folklore as being one of the most open to interdisciplinary exchange when it comes to analyzing the array of topics that it deals with.  In turn, as an independent discipline, it has become a necessity to discuss the relationship and interaction between folklore and other humanities/social sciences disciplines, which not only strengthen it theoretical base but also continuously feeds and therefore widens the range of subjects that it looks at. In accordance with this notion, the article therefore focuses on the basic characteristics that render folklore as being interdisciplinary branch of study, as well as looks how interdisciplinary approaches are used in folkloric studies. Moreover, it also attempts to discuss how folklore as an independent discipline can contribute to other cultural disciplines. Thus, the issue of interdisciplinaryism within the context of cultural sciences was analyzed using examples collected from folklore studies as a point of reference.

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