Duygu Durumunun Problem Çözme Stratejileri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı duygu durumlarının ve başarı motivasyonunun problem çözme stratejileri üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Motivasyonu yüksek olan ve motivasyonu düşük olan gruplarda, duygu durumu deneysel olarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu amaçla bilgisayar ortamında, üniversite sınavlarına girmek üzere hazırlanan 96 öğrenciye, üniversite sınavlarında sorulan sorulara benzer tarzda hazırlanan 18 soru sorulmuş ve her dört sorudan sonra deneğe içinde yer aldığı gruba göre, deneye katılan toplam öğrenciler arasındaki puanını ve sırasını gösteren sahte geribildirim verilmiştir (olumsuz, olumlu). Gruplar arası problem çözme stratejilerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla Hanoi Kulesi (Tower of Hanoi) problemi kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyet, motivasyon düzeyi ve geribildirim değişkenlerine bağlı olarak bağımlı değişkenlerdeki farklılaşma 2X2X3 varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan deney sonucunda, olumsuz geribildirim durumunda, deneklerin problemi çözmede kullanmış oldukları stratejilerin farklılaştığı ve bunun sonucunda başarı performanslarının bazı parametrelerde düştüğü bulunmuştur.

The Impacts Of Different Moods Of Success On The Strategies Of Problem Solving

The aim of this research is to examine the impacts of different moods and motivation of success on the strategies of problem solving. The state of feeling has been experimentally formed in the group whose motivation is high and in the one whose motivation is low. For this purpose, by means of computer, 18 questions, which resemble to the ones asked in the university entrance exam, were asked to 96 students who are getting prepared to sit the university entrance exam and after every four questions, the subject was given a fake feedback which shows his or her score among all the students who attend the experiment( positive, negative).In order to compare and contrast the problem solving strategies of the groups, the problem of Hanoi Tower (Tower of Hanoi) has been used. The differentiation in the dependent variance has been examined through 2X2X3 variance analysis (ANOVA) depending on the variances of gender, the level of motivation and feedback. As the result of the research, it has been found out that, in the case of negative feedback, the strategies which the subjects use in solving a problem differentiate and, as the result of this, it has been found out that their performances of success diminish in some parameters.

PDF

___

Ashby,F.G., Turken,A.U.;Isen,A.M.,(1996), Positive affect and creative problem solving: A dopaminergic hypothesis, (37th Ed), annualmeeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago.
Charness,N., (1985), Aging And Human Performance, (1th Ed.), John Wiley&Sons Ltd., New York.
Damasio, A, (1999), The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, (1th Ed), New York: Harcourt Brace. 386pp
Hampson,J.P.,Morris,E.P., (1996), Understanding Cognition, (1th Ed.), Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,Massachustts.
Hunt,R.R., Ellis.C.H., (1999), Fundamentals Of Cognitive Psychology., (6th Ed.),mcgraw-Hill College, New York.
Kausler,H.D., (1990), Experimental Psychology, Cognition, and Human Agin, (2nd Ed.), John Wiley&Sons Ltd., New York.
Pruitt, D. G. (1983). Experimental gaming and the goal / expectation theory, In H.H. Blumberg,A.P. Hare, V. Kent and M. Davis (Eds.), Small groups and social interaction (Vol. 2, pp. 107-121). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Anderson,R.J., (1993), Problem solving and Learning, American Psychologist, 48 (1), 35-44.
Anooshian; Linda; Paula Hertel (1994), Emotionality in free recall: Language. Specificity in bilingual memory, Cognition and Emotion 8 (6), 503- 514.
Ashby,G.F.,Isen,M.A.,Turken,U., (1999), A neuropsychological Theory of Positive Affect and Its Influence on Cognition, Psychological Review, 106 (3), 529-550
Aspinwall,L.G., (1998), Rethinking the role of positive affect in self-regulation, Motivation and Emotion, 22, 1-32
Baron,R.A. & Thomley,J., (1994), Awhiff of reality: Positive affect as a potential mediator of the effects of pleasant fragrances on task performance and helping, Environment, 26, 766-784. Beninger,R.J.,(1983), The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning, Brain Research, 287, 173-196.
Beninger, R.J., Mazurski, E.J., Hoffman, D.C. (1991), Receptor subtype-specific dopaminergic agents and unconditioned behaviour, Polish J Pharmacol Pharm 43:507-528.
Bless, H., Bohner, G., Schwarz, N. & Strack, F.,(1990), Mood and persuasion: A cognitive response analysis, Personality ,16, 331-345.
Bozarth, M.A., (1991), The mesolimbic dopamine system a model brain reward system. The mesolimbic dopamine system: from motivation to action, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,84, 1-73
Bower,G.H., (1981), Mood and Memory, American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
Carlson,A.R.,Khoo,H.,Elliott,H.,(1990), Component Practice and Exposure to a Problem Solving Context, Human Factors, 32(3), 267-286.
Carnevale p. J. D. ,Isen a. M., (1986),The influence of positive affect and visual access on the discovery of integrative solutions in bilateral negotiation, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes ,37, 1-13
Carlson,A.R.,Khoo,H.B.,Yaure,G.R.,Schneider,W., (1990), Acquisition of a Problem Solving Skill Levels of organization and Use of Working Memory, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119 (2), 193-214.
Carlson,A.R.,Shin,C.J., (1996), Practice Schedules and Subgoal ›nstatiation in Cascaded Problem Solving, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22 (1), 157-168
Cahill, L., Babinsky, R., Markowitsch, H. J. & mcgaugh, J. L. (1995), The amgydala and emotional memory, Nature, 377, 295-296.
Diener,E.,Emmons,R.A.,(1984), The İndependence of Positive and Negative Affect, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117
Dobson,D.J.G.,Dobson,K.S., (1981), Problem Solving Strategies in Depressed and Nondepressed Colege Students, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 237-249. Ellis,H.C., Thomas,R.L.,Rodriguez,I.A., (1984), Emotional Mood States and Memory: Elaborative Encoding, Semantic Processing, and Cognitive Effort, Journal of experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, and Cogtition, 10, 470-482.
Elliott,R.T.,Sherwin,E.,Harkins,W.S.,Marmarosh,C.,(1995),Self-Appraised Problem Solving Ability, Affective States, and Psychological Distress, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42 (1), 105-115.
Ellis, Ashbrook, (1988), Effects of negative mood on performance: reduced capacity or changed processing strategy?, European Journal of Social Psychology, 26(1),163-168
Estrada, C., Young, M.; Isen, A. M. (1994), Positive affect influences creative problem solving and reported source of practice satisfaction in physicians. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 285-299.
Eysenck,M.W., Calvo,M.G., (1992), Anxietty and performance:the processing efficiencey theory, Cognitive Emotion, 6, 409-434.
Frijda,N., (1988), The laws of emotion, American Psychologist, 42, 377–399
Gasper,K.,Clore,G.L.,(2002), Attending to the big Picture:Mood and global vs. Local processing of visual information, Psychological science,13,34-40
Grawitch,J.M.,Munz,C.D.,Kramer,J.T., (2003), Effects of Member Mood States on Creative Performance in Temporary Workgroups, Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7 (1), 41-54.
Goddardç,L.,Dritschel,B.,Burton,A.,(1996), Role of Autobiographical Memory in Social Problem Solving and Depression, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105 (4), 609-616.
Greene, T. R. & Noice, H. (1988), Influence of positive affect upon creative thinking and problem solving in children, Psychological Reports, 63, 895-898.
Isen, A. M. (1987), Positive affect, cognitive processes, and social behavior. , Advances in Experimental Social, 20, 203-253.
Isen,A.,Johnson,M., Mertz,E.,;Robinson,G.F.,(1985), The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations, Journal of Personality and Social Psycholgy, 48,1413-1426
Isen, Alice,M.; Daubman, kimberly,A.; Nowiciki, Gary,P.,(1987), Positive affect Facilitates Creative problem Solving, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52 (6), 1122-1131.
Karat, J. (1982). A model of problem solving with İncomplete constraint knowledge. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 538-559.
Kahn,B.E.,Isen,(1993), The Influence of Positive Affect on Variety Seeking Among Safe, Enjoyable Products, The Journal of Consumer Research, 20,257-270
Lazarus,R.S., (1982), Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition, American Psychology, 37, 1019-1024.
Leight,K.A.,Ellis,H.C.,(1981), Emoytional Mood States, Strategies, and state-Dependency in Memory, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20,251-266.
Ledoux, J. E. (1993), Emotional memory systems in the brain, Behavioural Brain Research, 58, 69-79
Lefevre, J.A.,Sadasky,S.G.,Bisanz,J.,(1996), Selection of Procedures in Mental Addition: Reassessing the Problem Size Effect in Adults, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22 (1), 216-230.
Mathews, A., Macleod, C., (1994), Cognitive Approaches to Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Journal article C.; Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 26-50.
Mayer,E.R., (1998), Cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational aspects of problem solving, Instructional science, 26, 49-63.
Murray,N.,Sujan,H.,Hirt,E.R.;Sujan,M.,(1990), The influence of mood on categorization:A cognitive flexibility, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59,411-425.
Oatley,K.,Johnson-Laird,P., (1987), Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions, Cognitive Emotion, 1, 29-50.
Ökten-Tanör,Ö., (1982), Anksiyetenin Öğrenme ve Hafızaya Etkisi, Psikoloji Dergisi, 16, 31-35.
Sedek,G.,Kofta,M., (1990), When Cognitive Exertion Does Not Yield Cognitive Gain Toward an Informational Explanation of Learned Helplessness, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 (4), 729-743.
Wise, (1984), Anatomically Distinct Opiate Receptor Fields Mediate Reward and Physical Dependence, Reprinted from Science 244: 516-517.