TÜRKİYE İTHAL TÜTÜN PİYASASININ PAZAR GÜCÜ

Toplanan vergiler içindeki yüksek payına ve dış ticaretteki üstünlüğüne rağmen tütünün diğer tarım ürünleri aleyhine artan üretimi ve sahip olduğu büyük miktardaki üretici sayısı nedenleri ile yıllarca üretimi özel kanunlar ile düzenlenmiştir. Son dönemlerde yapılan mevzuat değişiklikleri ile tütün piyasasında büyük değişiklikler yaşanmış olsa da kamunun denetim, düzenleme ve gözetimi devam etmektedir. Tütün üretimi, teknolojik yetersizlik ve yeterince geliştirilemeyen araştırma faaliyetleri nedenleri ile üretimi artırılamamakla birlikte Dünya rekabet ortamı içerisinde yerli tütüne göre görece daha ucuz olan ithal tütün talebi artmaktadır. Bu durum Türkiye’yi tütün ihraç eden ülke konumundan en büyük ithalatçı ülke konumuna taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin tütün ithalat pazarındaki pazar gücünü Yeni Endüstriyel Organisazyon yöntemi ile ekonometrik olarak hesaplamaktır. 1994-2016 dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada pazar gücü katsayısı 0,37 bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç Türkiye tütün ithalatının tam rekabet koşullarıda gerçekleşmediğini ve firmaların davranışlarının oligopolist bir yapı sergilediğini ifade etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pazar gücü, ithal talep, tütün ürünleri

THE MARKET POWER OF TURKEY'S IMPORTED TOBACCO MARKET

Despite its high share in the taxes collected and the superiority in foreign trade, tobacco production has been regulated by special laws for many years due to the increased production of tobacco to the detriment of other agricultural products and the large number of producers. Public supervision, regulation and surveillance are still in progress despite the major changes experienced in the tobacco market due to the recent changes in legislation. Tobacco production cannot be increased because of technological insufficiency and inadequate development of research activities. As well as this, there is an increase in the demand for imported tobacco, which is relatively cheaper than domestic tobacco in the global competitive environment. This is what transforms Turkey's market position into the largest tobacco importer which was a tobacco exporting country before. The aim of this study is to calculate Turkey's market power in the tobacco import market econometrically by using New Industrial Organization method. Market power coefficient was found to be 0.37 in this study in which annual data for the period 1994-2016 were used. This result reveals that Turkey's tobacco import is not realized under perfect competition conditions and the firms display behaviors in oligopolistic structure.

Keywords:

Pazar gücü, ithal talep, tütün ürünleri,

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