Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yayılış gösteren bazı yonca (Medicago sativa) ekotiplerinde populasyon yapısı değerlendirmesi

Baklagil yembitkisi olan yonca (Medicago sativa L.), hayvancılık için paha biçilemez bir üründür ve dünya çapında ve Türkiye genelinde yetiştirilmektedir. İlk çeşitlilik bölgelerinin kökeninin Kafkasya, Kuzey İran ve Türkiye’nin Kuzeydoğusu olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Yonca’nın değişik ekotipleri çok sayıda yetiştirici tarafından kültüre alınarak yetiştirilmekte ya da coğrafi ve iklim koşulları temelinde yabani olarak yetişmektedir. Yonca ekotiplerinin populasyon yapısı ile ilgili olarak alttürler arasındaki genetik yapı temelinde bazı ayrışmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yayılış gösteren 4 farklı yonca ekotip populasyonunun 31 SSR markörü kullanılarak populasyon yapısı değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, toplam 16 farklı genotipten oluşan populasyonların 3 alttür (sativa, varia and falcata) şeklinde birbirinden açık bir şekilde ayrıldığını göstermiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın hem daha fazla yonca populasyonunun değerlendirilmesinde hem de bilimsel açıdan kompleks üyelerinin sınıflandırılmasında önemli bir referans olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

SSR markörler, Baklagil, Yem bitkisi, Ekotip, Gen akışı

The evaluation of population structure in some alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes demonstrating distribution in Eastern Anatolia region

The legume forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is invaluable crop useful for animal husbandry and is grown worldwide and country-wide in Turkey. It is approved that origins of the first diversity regions are Caucasian, Northwest of Iranian, North-eastern of Turkey for alfalfa. Various ecotypes of alfalfa either are cultivated by a great number of breeders or grown as wild based on geographic and climatic conditions. With regard to population structure of alfalfa ecotypes, some separations are seen depending on genetic structure among the subspecies. In this study, population structure was evaluated for four different ecotypes tetraploid alfalfa populations demonstrating distribution in Eastern Anatolia Region using 31 SSR markers. Results showed that populations of 16 different genotypes clearly separated each other as three subspecies (sativa, varia and falcata). It is expected that this work will be an important reference both for the evaluation of more alfalfa populations and for the scientific classification of complex members.

Keywords:

Forage, SSR markers, Legume, Ecotype, Gene flow,

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