Bitkisel orijinli olmayan uyarılabilir promotorların bitkilerde kullanımı

Bitki biyoteknolojisinin önemli konularından birisi transgenik bitki teknolojisidir. Transgenik bitki teknolojisinde genellikle transgenin devamlı ekspresyonuna neden olan (constitutive) promotorlar kullanılmaktadır. Bazı gen ürünlerinin sürekli sentezi ise bitkiye zararlı olabilir. Bu nedenle uyarılabilir promotorlar kullanılarak gen ekspresyonunun yeri (doku tipi) ve zamanı belirlenerek transgenin uyardığı negatif etkilerden kaçınılabilir veya etkileri azaltılabilir. Transgen aktivitesinin zamansal ve kantitatif kontrolu için birçok düzenlenebilir ekspresyon sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Genel olarak promotor aktive edici ve promotor durdurucu sistemler bulunmaktadır. Bu düzenlenebilir moleküler anahtarlar virüslerden böceklere kadar değişen organizmalardan elde edilmiş olup, bitkilerde ise kullanılabilirliği birçok araştırmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Geliştirilen düzenlenebilir sistemler arasında kimyasal olarak uyarılabilenlerin diğerlerine oranla uygulanabilirlik açısından birçok üstünlükleri söz konusudur. Her model avantajlara ve dezavantajlara sahiptir ki, bu çalışmada çeşitli düzenlenebilir modeller özetlenmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uyarılabilir promotor, Transgenik bitkiler, Gen ekspresyonu, Kontrol

Utilization of non-plant based regulatable promoters in plants

Majority of biotechnology research in plants depends heavily on the genetic manipulation of crops. In transgenic plant technology, the gene of interest is mostly expressed in a constitutive manner although this may be harmful for several applications. Constitutive expression of foreign genes in plants may interfere with physiological processes, compromise development and occasionally be deleterious or even lethal. Currently, there are several inducible expression systems for the temporal, spatial and quantitative control of transgene activity. In general, there are two promoter systems: promoter activation and promoter repression. These molecular switches are derived from viruses, prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. They have also been shown to be usable in plants in many studies. Among these systems chemically inducible ones are more superior than the others in respect to applicability. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages which were summarized in this review.

Keywords:

Inducible promotor Transgenic plant, Gene expression, Controlled expression,

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