ARAKNOİD KİSTLER

Araknoid kistler beyin-omurilik sıvısı (BOS) benzeri sıvı içeren, subaraknoidal boşlukla ilişkisi olan kistikkavitelerdir. Beyinde tüm yer kaplayan oluşumların %1'ini oluştururlar. Çoğunlukla asemptomatiktirler. Tüm yaşgruplarında gelişebilmekle birlikte genellikle çocukluk çağına kadar oluşmaktadırlar. Başağrısı, makrosefali,konvülziyon, fokal nörolojik belirtiler, kafa içi basınç artışı gibi bulgular verebilirler. Nadiren endokrinanormallikler, optik nörit, serebellar disfonksiyon, hidrosefali, hemifasyal spazma neden olurlar. En sıkgörüldükleri bölge orta çukurdur. Orta çukur yerleşimli araknoid kistlerde nadiren subdural hematom ve higromagibi komplikasyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Spinal araknoid kistler genellikle tesadüfen tesbit edilirler. Ekstremitegüçsüzlüğü, nöropatik ağrı, parestezi, myelopati ile prezente olabilirler. Bu derlemede serebral ve spinal araknoidkistlerin yerleşimi, klinik bulguları, bazı nadir klinik görünüm şekilleri, görüntüleme yöntemleri ve tedavisi anlatılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Araknoid kist, klinik bulgular, görüntüleme

Arachnoid Cysts

Arachnoid cysts are cavities with a content similar to cerebrospinal fluid, frequently communicating with the subarachnoid space. They make up 1% of the intracranial space occupying lesions. They are developmental anomalies which may be clinically asymptomatic. The most frequent clinical findings are headache, macrocephaly, epileptic seizures, focal nerological signs and intracranial hypertansion. Rarely they cause optic neuritis, endocrinological dysfunction, cerebellar dysfunction, hemifascial spasm. They are most commonly located in the middle fossa of the cranium. Subdural hematomas and hygromas are infrequently encountered complications of arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa. Spinal arachnoid cysts are mostly diagnosed accidentally or they may present with limb weakness, neuropathic pain, parestesia or myelopathy. In this review localization, clinical features, some unusual syndromes and treatment options of arachnoid cysts are discussed.

Keywords:

Arachnoid cyst, clinical findings, imaging,

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