III. ANTİOKHOS’UN DIŞ SİYASİ POLİTİKASI (MÖ 223-190)

III. Antiokhos, Seleukos İmparatorluğu'nun başına geçtiği MÖ 223 y111ndan itibaren aktif bir dış politika siyaseti izlemiştir. İmparatorluk merkezinin doğusunu kontrol aldıktan sonra MÖ 197 yılmda batı seferini başlatmıştır. Kral, Ephesos kentinden başlayarak Küçük Asia'nın batı kıyıları boyunca işgallere başlamıştır. III. Antiokhos, Hellen kentlerinin kendi rızalarıyla Seleukos hâkimiyetini kabul etmelerini sağlamak istemiştir. Smyrna ve Lampsakos kentleri teslim olmak istemedikleri için Roma'dan yardım talebinde bulunmuşlardır. Roma, işgalleri başlangıçta Küçük Asia ile smırlı görünen Seleukoslarla fıili bir savaşa girmek istememiştir. III. Antiokhos, Roma'nm tüm uyarılarına rağmen rotasını Avrupa toprakları üzerine çevirince, Roma'nın müdahalesi kaçınılmaz olmuştur. İki tarafın Avnıpa topraklarındaki ilk buluşması Seleukos ordusunun hezimetiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Roma bu başarısına rağmen III. Antiokhos'a Syria'ya dönme fırsatı sunmuş, ancak olumsuz bir yanıt almca, onun bu hırsına son darbeyi Küçük Asia'da vurmuştur.

FOREIGN POLICY OF ANTIOKHOS III (223-190 BC)

Antiokhos III had pursued an active foreign policy since 223 BC when he took over Seleukos Empire. After he had gotten the east of the center of the empire under control, he launched the west expedition in 197 BC. Beginning with Ephesos, The King started to occupy the west coasts of Asia Minor. Antiokhos III wanted to cities of Hellen to accept the ascendancy of Seleukos of their own free will. As the cities of Smyrna and Lampsakos did not want to yield they called for help from Rome. Rome didn't want to fight with Seleukos of which occupations seemed limited with the west coasts of Asia Minor at the beginning. Because Antiokhos III wanted to occupy the lands of Europe despite warnings of Rome, the interference of Rome became matter-of-course. The first fight of two sides ended up with wipe-out of armies of Seleukos. Despite the success of him, Rome had given a chance to Antiokhos III to go back to Syria, but when the response was negative, Rome hit the final beat on Antiokhos in Asia Minor

___

APPIANOS (1913). History ofRome, trans. H. White, Cambridge.

AULUS, Gellius (1927). Attic Nights, Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library.

CICERO (1903). Philippics, trans. C. D. Yonge, Cambridge.

CICERO (1923). Cato the Elder on Old Age, Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library.

DIODOROS (1935). Library ofHistory, trans. C. H. Oldfather, Cambridge.

IOSEPHOS (1937). Jewish Antiquities, trans. W. Whisto, Cambridge.

FLORUS (1929). The Epitome of Roman History, Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library.

lUSTlNUS (1853). Epitome of Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, trans. .Watson, London.

LIVIUS Titus (1905). History ofRome, trans. C. Roberts, London.

MALALAS (1986). Chronicle of World History, trans. E. effreys, R. Scott, Melbourne.

PAUSANIAS (1918). Description of Greece, trans. W. H. Jones, Cambridge.

PLUTARKHOS 1918). The Parallel Lives, Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library.

POLYBIOS (1927). Histories, Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library.

BADIAN, E. (1959). “Rome and Antiochus the Great: Study in Cold War”, Classical Philology 54(2): 81—99.

BEVAN, E. R. (1902a). “Antiochus III and His Title 'Great—King'”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 22: 241—244.

BEVAN, E. R. (1902b). The House of Seleucus I—II, London: Barnes and Noble Press.

ECKSTEIN, A. M. (2008). Rome Enters the Greek East: From Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean 230—1 70 BC, Oxford: Wiley Blackwell Press.

ERRINGTON, R. M. (1989). “Rome aganist Philip and Antiochus”, The Cambridge Ancient History VIII, ed. A. E. Astin, F. W. Walbank, pp. 244—89, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

GRAINGER, J. D. (2010). The Syrian Wars, Boston: Brill Puplishers.

KOCHVA, B. B. (1976). The Seleucid Army: Organization and Tactics in the Great Campaigns, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

KOSMIN, P. J. (2014). The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire, London: Harvard University Press.

MA, J. (2000). Antiochos III and The Cities of Western Asia Minor, New York: Oxford University Press.

MAGIE, D. (1939). “The Agreement between Philip and Antiochus III for the Partition of the Egyptian Empire”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 29 (2): 32—44.

MAGIE, D. (2007). Anadola ’da Romalılar— MÖ III. ve II. Yüzyıllarda Batı Anadolu—, çev. N. Başgelen, Ö. Çapar, İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.

RHODES, P. J. (2007). The Greek City States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

ROSTOVTZEFF, M. I. (1957). The Social and Economic History ofthe Roman Empire, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

TOD, M. N. (1948). Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions II, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

WEIR, R. G. A. (2004). Roman Delphi and its Pythian Games, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

WELLES, C. B. (1934). Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period, New Haven: Yale University Press.