DÜNYANIN EN ESKİ ÇALGILARI: TAŞ DEVRİ FLÜTLERİ

Bu araştırma ile müziğin ve flütün kökenlerini anlamaya yönelik, genel bir çerçeve oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, günümüze ulaşan en eski çalgıların, nefesli çalgılar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nefesli çalgıların, ne şekilde çalındığı ve ne amaçla kullanıldığına dair kesin bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır. Ancak üretilişlerinde gereken ustalık nedeniyle, üretenlerin hayatında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Üzerine tartışmaların sürdüğü Divje Babe mağaralarında keşfedilmiş, bir nefesli çalgı olduğu konusunda kesin bir yargıya ulaşılamayan nesnenin yanı sıra; tartışmasız şekilde bir üflemeli çalgı olarak kabul görmüş olan; Hohle Fels, Isturitz, Geissenklösterle, Grubgraben kazı alanlarında bulunan nefesli çalgılarla da karşılaşılmıştır. Vogelherd kazı alanında bulunan çok küçük kalıntılardan yola çıkarak tanımlanmış cisimler olduğu gibi, Les Roches ve La Roque isimleri ile anılan, 20. Yüzyılın başlarında, hatta 19. Yüzyılda keşfedilmiş nesneler de bulunmaktadır. Tüm bu cisimlerin yaşı, 60 bin ile 19 bin yıl arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Cisimlerin tamamının, çeşitli hayvan kemikleri ya da dişlerinden üretildiği görülmüştür. Türlü deneyler sonucu bu çalgıların, ne şekilde üretildiği ve akustik özelliklerinin neye benzeyebileceği hakkında çeşitli bulgular bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların bir kısmı tablolaştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma betimsel bir çalışma olup ulaşılabilen araştırmalardaki bilgilerin derlenmesi esasına dayanmaktadır.

THE OLDEST INSTRUMENTS OF THE EARTH: STONE AGE

With this research, it is aimed to form a general framework for understanding the origins of the music and the flute. As a result of the researches, it appears that the oldest instrument of the World is a type of wind instrument. It is not known exactly how these wind instruments were played and intended for. However, due to the mastery of their production, it can be said that these instruments had an important role in the life of the producers. In addition to this, there is an object being said to be an artifact of a wind instrument that was discovered in Divje Babe caves where controversy continued. As well as the remains of wind instruments from the excavations at Hohle Fels, Isturitz, Geissenklösterle, and Grubgraben sites are also encountered which are admitted inarguably. There are also objects discovered in the early 20th century, even in the 19th century, known as Les Roches and La Roque; as well as the artifacts which are identified through too small remains from the Vogelherd excavation site. The age of all these objects varies between 60 to 19 thousand years before present. It is seen that all of these artifacts are produced from various animal bones or tusks. As a result of various experiments, there are various findings of how these instruments have been produced and what their acoustic characteristics could be. Some of the findings have been tabulated within the result of the study. This research is a descriptive study and is based on the gathering the information from the accessible sources.

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