Romanya’da tarım sektörü ve arazi mülkiyet durumu (1990-2020).

Romanya 13,8 milyon hektar tarım arazisiyle Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin toplam tarım alanın % 7,2’sine sahiptir. Ülkede yaşanan siyasi rejim değişikleri ve Avrupa Birliği üyeliği, arazi mülkiyetinde yapısal değişime sebep oldu. 1990 sonrasında büyük çiftlik arazilerinin halka dağıtılması sonucu tarlalar küçük parsellere bölündü. Romanya’nın AB’ye katılım sürecinde ve 2007’de gerçekleşen tam üyelik sonrasında yapılan yasal düzenlemeler, çok uluslu şirketlerin kiralama ve satın almalar yoluyla büyük arazilere sahip olmalarını sağladı. 1990 ile 2020 yılları arasını kapsayan bu çalışmada, Romanya’daki arazi mülkiyetinin devlet, bireysel üretici ve tüzel kişiliğe sahip işletmeler şeklinde yıllara göre değişimi ortaya konulmaktadır. Mısır, buğday ve ayçiçeğinin ekim alanı, üretim miktarı ve verimliliğin yıllara göre değişimi, örnek teşkil etmesi adına tablolar şeklinde gösterilmektedir. AB ülkelerinde kullanılan NUTS sınıflandırması ile Romanya 8 bölgeye ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Kaynak olarak, FAOSTAT ve Romanya Ulusal İstatistik Ajansı esas alınmıştır. Arazi kullanımı verileri CORINE tarafından sağlanmış ve ARCMap ortamında oluşturulmuştur.

Agricultural sector and land ownership status in romania (1990-2020)

Romania has 7.2 % of the total agricultural area of the European Union Countries with 13.8 million hectares of agricultural land. The political regime changes in the country and the European Union membership caused structural changes in land ownership. After 1990, as a result of the distribution of large farm lands to the public, the fields were divided into small parcels. Legal arrangements made during Romania's EU accession process and after full membership in 2007 enabled multinational companies to own large lands through leasing and purchasing. In this study, which covers the years between 1990 and 2020, the change of land ownership in Romania in the form of state, individual producer and enterprises with legal personality is revealed. The cultivation area of corn, wheat and sunflower, the production amount and the change of productivity over the years are shown in tables to set an example. With the NUTS classification used in EU countries, Romania was divided into 8 regions and examined. FAOSTAT and the Romanian National Statistical Agency are taken as the source. Land use data was provided by CORINE and created in the ARCMap environment.

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