Gebelik Sürecinde Rol Oynayan mikroRNA (miRNA)’lar

MikroRNA (miRNA)’lar, çok hücreli organizmalarda mesajcı RNA (mRNA)’nın translasyonunu etkileyerek, gen ekspresyonunu postranskripsiyonel aşamada düzenleyen kısa, 17-25 nükleotid uzunluğunda, kodlama yapmayan küçük RNA molekülleridir. miRNA’lar, kendi nü kleotid dizilerinin tamamlayıcısı olan hedef mRNA’lara bağ lanıp gen ekspresyonunu baskılamakta veya tamamen ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Böylece; gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesini gerçekleştirmektedirler. miRNA’lar; hü crelerin proliferasyonu, farklılaşması ve ö lü mü gibi süreçlerde oldukça önemli roller üstlenmektedirler. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile birlikte miRNA’ların; gebeliğin oluşumu ve sürdürülebilmesi de dâhil olmak üzere anjiyogenezis, yangısal yanıt ve hipoksi gibi hücresel ve moleküler aktivite ile ilişkili genlerin kontrolünde önemli düzenleyici rollere sahip oldukları bildirilmiştir. Gebelik ile ilişkili miRNA’ların büyük bir kısmının reprodüktif dokularda eksprese olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Gebelik süreci içinde miRNA biyogenezinin epigenetik etkilerinin molekü ler dü zeyde ortaya konması, gebeliğin mekanizmasının aydınlatılması açısından önemli bir potansiyel taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede; gebelik sürecinde aktif rol alan miRNA’lar ve miRNA’ların bu fizyolojik sürece katkıları hakkında bilgiler özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

mikroRNA, gebelik, uterus

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