COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY, ITS MAJOR POLICYMAKERS AND THE MAIN CONSTRAINTS UPON THESE POLICY-MAKERS

Avrupa Birliği Ortak Tarım Politikası dünya çapında kendine has bir tarım politikasıdır. Doğuşundan beri ve asıl hedeflerinin Roma Anlaşmasında düzenlenmesinden bu yana, ilk kez tek ve başarılı bir şekilde ekonomik sektöre uygulanan bir politika olmuştur. Çoklu devletler için tasarlanmış olup, üye ülkelerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkilerinde ve diğer devletler için de uygulanmaktadır.Ortak tarım politikasındaki karar alma süreci oldukça karmaşıktır. Avrupa Birliği kurumları; özellikle Avrupa Birliği Konseyi, Komisyon ve Avrupa Parlamentosu bu politikanın şekillenmesinde çok önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. Çiftçi grupları gibi baskı grupları ile bazı kurumlar da ortak tarım politikasını hazırlayan ve belirleyen bu karar vericiler üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptirler. Ortak Tarım Politikası, özellikle son elli yılda, Avrupa bütünleşmesi sürecinde çok büyük değişiklikler geçirmiştir. Bu politika ve karar vericiler bu süre zarfında iç ve dış sınırlamalar ya da baskılara maruz kalmışlardır. Daha açık bir ifadeyle, hem Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması ile Dünya Ticaret Örgütü gibi dış baskılar hem de bütçe problemleri gibi iç baskılar karar vericileri zorlayarak tarım politikasında değişiklikler yapmalarına neden olmuştur.

Ortak Tarım Politikası, Başlıca Politika Yapıcılar ve Bu Politika Yapıcılar Üzerindeki Ana Kısıtlamalar

The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union is a globally distinctive agricultural policy. At the time of its inception, in the late 1950s, and when its original objectives were set out in the Treaty of Rome, it implemented the first successful unified, single policy for the economic sector. Designed for multi states, it governed their relationships with one another and the rest of the world. The decision-making process for the CAP is complex. European Union institutions, namely the Council of the EU, the Commission and the European Parliament play a vital role in shaping the policy. Some institutions and pressure groups, such as farmer groups have a substantial impact on the CAP policy makers. The CAP underwent a series of changes for over a half century, during European integration. The Common Agricultural Policy and its policy makers have encountered certain external and internal constraints. In other words, both external pressures, such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization and internal restrictions, mainly budget problems forced the policy makers to change the policy for the agricultural sector. In addition to this, non agricultural groups, environmental issues and enlargement policy have also influence on the CAP policy makers.

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