İnternet Döneminde Propagandayı Yeniden Tanımlamak: Bir Çevrimiçi Terörist Propaganda İncelemesi

İnternete kolay ve göreceli daha rahat erişimin sağlanması, bireylerin birbirleri arasında ve çevreleriyle etkileşiminde sayısız dönüşüm getirdi. Bu dönüşümlerden en bariz olanlardan biri de iletişim çalışmaları ve onun alt konusu olan propaganda çalışmalarında yaşandı. Çevrimiçi terörist propaganda faaliyetlerini inceleyen birçok çalışma, teröristlerin yeni medya teknolojilerini kendi amaçları doğrultusunda nasıl “kullandıklarını” veya “istifade ettiklerini” tartıştılar. Bu çalışmalarda, altı çizilen konulardan biri terörist propagandanın başarısında internetin oynadığı araçsal roldü. Sosyal medyayı ve interneti, iletişimin basit bir aracı olarak gören bu çalışmaların aksine bu yazı, Bilim ve Teknoloji Çalışmalarından yararlanarak, insanlar ve teknik aktörlerin birbirilerini etkileyerek propaganda sürecini beraber şekillendirdiğini iddia ediyor. Kısaca, bu araştırma internetin, üretiminden, yayılmasına ve alımlanmasına kadar propagandaya dair büyük bir alanı nasıl değişime soktuğunu inceliyor. Irak am islam Devleti (IşD) ve Amerika Dış işleri Bakanlığı’nın çevrimiçi propaganda ve karşı propaganda kampanyaları yeni ve eski propaganda modelleri olarak birbirleriyle karşılaştırılarak analiz ediliyor.

Reconceptualizing Propaganda in the Internet Age: An Examination of Terrorist Online Propaganda

Easy and relatively unrestricted access to the Internet has introduced numerous transformations in the way individuals interact with each other and their environment. Prominent among these changes are those related to communication studies and its substrata of propaganda. A large number of studies, which have analyzed the online terrorist propaganda activities, discuss the issue within the framework of how the terrorists “use” or “exploit” new media technologies for their purposes. What is strongly highlighted in these studies is the instrumental role of the Internet in facilitating the success of terrorist propaganda. In contrast to this standard view of social media and Internet as a medium of communication, drawing from Science and Technology Studies, we offer an alternative perspective of human and technical actors as being mutually intertwined and equally possessed of agency in the process of propagandistic communications. Thus, this study discusses how Internet has facilitated sweeping changes across the entire spectrum of propaganda, ranging from production and dissemination to reception. The online propaganda and counterpropaganda campaigns currently being waged online by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the US State Department are presented and contrasted as examples of the old and new models of propaganda.

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