Erdem Koruyucuların Mücadele Alanı: Politik DoŞruculuk Üzerine Düşünceler*

ABD'deki öğrenci eylemleriyle birlikte ortaya çıkan politik doŞruculuk kavramı, ağırlıklı olarak üniversite çevresinde gelişmiş ve mağdur gruplara, azınlıklara karşı kullanılan dil ve davranışlarda genel bir değerlendirme aracına dönüşmüştür. Politik doğruculuğun yükselişi çokkültürlülük ideolojisinin uygulanmasının bir biçimi olarak kabul edilmiştir. 1990'ların başından itibaren politik sağın pejoratif anlamda kullandığı kavram, geleneksel değerlerin muhafazakâr savunusunun stratejilerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Politik doŞruculuk karşıtı sağ tandanslı yazarlar, kavramın yeni bir totaliter yapıya yol açacağını, azınlığın çoğunluk üzerinde bu sayede egemenlik kuracağını vurgulamışlardır. Buna karşılık sol ve Marksist yazarlar ırk ve cinsiyet temelinde hümanist ve ahlâki politikaların geliştirilmesi için çabalayan politik doğruculuğun dayanaksızlığını sınıf kavramının gücünü atlayarak reformist taleplerle yetinme ile açıklamışlardır. Önceleri ABD'ye özgü bir fenomen olarak görülen politik doğruculuk, bazı olayların medyaya yansıması ve haber konusu edilmesiyle birlikte Avrupa'nın da ilgisini çekmiştir. Ancak karşılaştırıldıŞında ABD'deki tartışma, öğretim üyeleri ile öğrenciler öncülüğünde yürütülüyorken, Avrupa'da ise politik doğruculuk daha çok gazeteciler aracılığıyla kamusal tartışmaya eklenmiştir. Politik doğruculuk, içeriği güçlü sayılabilecek argümanlarla doldurulabilecek bir kavramdır. Bununla birlikte belki de en temel zaafı, öze ilişkin çözümlemelerden ve önerilerden çok, yüzeysel kalması ve dilsel kozmetik ile yetinmesidir. Bu makale tarihsel bir perspektif ve kavramın barındırdıŞı normatif temel üzerinden politik doğruculukla ilgili tartışmaları ve bu tartışmalardaki ideolojik yönelimleri konu edinmektedir.

A Site of Struggle of the Guardians of Virtue: Thoughts on Political Correctness*

The concept of "political correctness", which emerged in the context of student protests in the USA and developed especially within academic circles, has become a tool to assess various forms of language and behaviour directed against the disadvantaged and minorities. The rise of political correctness has been regarded as a form of execution of the ideology of multiculturalism. Pejoratively used by the political right since the early 1990s, the concept has become one of the strategies of conservative defense of traditional values. Such writers with right-wing tendencies who were against political correctness argued that the concept would pave the way for a new form of totalitarian structure, leading to the dominance of minority over the majority. On the other hand, leftist and Marxist authors explained the baselessness of political correctness, which endeavoured to cultivate humanistic and moral policies on the basis of race and gender, with contentment with reformist claims by disregarding the power of the notion of class. First regarded as a phenomenon peculiar to the USA, political correctness attracted attention across Europe following the coverage of some events in the media. Nevertheless, a comparison between the two will reveal that the discussion in the USA was carried out mainly between academics and students, whereas in Europe, political correctness was added into public discussions especially through journalists. Political correctness might be supported with arguments with powerful contents. However, the fundamental weakness of political correctness is probably its contentment with superficial solutions and linguistic cosmetics rather than analyses and propositions on its essence. This article focuses on the discussions on political correctness and the ideological standpoints in these discussions with an historical perspective and on the basis of the normative foundation of the concept.

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