2011-2013 Anayasa Yapım Süreci ve Türkiye’de Medya Alanı

Bu makalede 2011-2013 yılları arasında yaşanan ve hem ülke hem de uluslararası kamuoyunda yüksek beklentiler doğuran ve “Anayasa Yapım Süreci” olarak adlandırılan dönem, medya ve iletişim açısından ele alınmıştır. Türkiye’deki anaakım medyanın başta Anayasa Uzlaşma Komisyonu olmak üzere anayasa yapım sürecinin başat aktörleri üzerindeki etkisi, medya içeriği ya da performansı ile söz konusu dönem Türkiye medyasının ekonomi politiği üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Gazete, televizyon kanalları gibi geleneksel medya kuruluşları ve büyük ölçüde dijital platformlar, günümüzde siyasi gündemin belirlendiği ve tartışıldığı bir arena işlevine sahiptir. Medya ve iletişim çalışmaları alanında yapılan araştırmalar, bu çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı kanalların siyasi elitlerin kararları üzerinde farklı düzeylerde etki gücüne sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Küresel medyayla birlikte, ulusal medya sistemleri, kendi elitlerinin ortaya çıkmasını teşvik ederken, üst düzey siyasi karar alma süreçleriyle mevcut çok katmanlı ilişkilerini sürdürmeye devam ederler. Bu nedenle, medya kanalları, gündem belirleme ve çerçeveleme gibi araçlar kullanarak politika oluşturma sürecini etkileyebilecek sembolik güçlere sahiptir. Buradan hareketle, bu makale Türkiye medyasını bir alan olarak ele alıp, söz konusu dönemde ortaya çıkan ana akım medya içeriğini ve ana akım medyanın ekonomi politiğini, 2013 sonlarında başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan Anayasa Yapım süreciyle ilişkilendirerek tartışmaktadır. Makalenin amacı bir yandan Anayasa Yapım süreçleri gibi üst düzey politize dönemlerde medyanın oynadığı role dair mevcut bilgi birikimine katkıda bulunmak bir yandan da söz konusu medya performansını doğuran faktörleri tartışmaktır.

2011-2013 Constitution-making Process and Media Field in Turkey

This paper examines so-called “Constitutional Process” which took place between 2011 and 2013 in Turkey to eventually fail after more than two years of intense work and rise of expectations both in Turkish society and international community from the perspective of media and communications. How Turkish media influenced the constitution making process including workings of Constitutional Conciliation Commission is discussed, surveying relevant media content or performance with a particular focus on the political economy of Turkish media during that period. Traditional media outlets such as newspapers and television channels, and nowadays largely digital platforms, function as present-day agoras where political agenda is determined and contested. These online and offline channels have different levels of influence on discussions of the political elite, as presented extensively in media and communication studies. Together with the global media environment, national media foster the emergence of its own elites, while maintaining multi-layered relationships with high-level political decision-making processes. Media channels therefore bear symbolic powers that impact political policymaking by employing methods such as agenda setting and framing. In this line of thought, this article approaches Turkish media space as a specific field while its content and its political economy are examined in relation with the constitution making process to reveal the role played by media during highly politicized processes, such as constitution making, as well as eliciting the dynamics that herald such media performance.

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