Beauveria bassiana Konidilerinin Katı Faz Fermantasyonu ile Kitlesel Üretimi için Bazı Tahılların İncelenmesi

Bu çalışma, depolanmış tahıl zararlılarına karşı etkili olduğu bilinen Beauveria bassiana izolatı 5-4'ün kitlesel üretimi için beş substratı (tam pirinç, kırık pirinç, dövme, buğday ve bulgur) test etmek için yürütülmüştür. Katı faz fermantasyon tekniği kullanılmış ve substratların başarısını değerlendirmek için ürün miktarı, konidi sayısı, çimlenme, hidrofobisite ve konidi termotoleransı ve elde edilen konidilerin Rhyzopertha dominica erginleri üzerindeki virülenslikleri kullanılmıştır. Üretim için, polipropilen bir torba içinde 100 g substrat sterilize edilmiş ve inokulasyondan sonra torbalar kapatılıp 25°C sıcaklıkta 14 gün inkübe edilmiştir. Hidrofobisite, iki faz olarak likid paraffin ve PM tamponu ile ayrıştırma yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Termotolerans testleri, konidilerin 35, 40 ve 45°C sıcaklığa 15, 30 ve 60 dakika süreyle maruz bırakılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Virülenslik testinde erginler, konidi ile muamele edilmiş olan 40 gr buğdayın içine bırakılmış ve 25°C sıcaklık ve %65 nispi nemde karanlık ortamda 14 gün bekletilmiştir. En yüksek ürün miktarı tam pirinç (4.10 gr/torba) kullanılarak elde edilirken, bunu kırık pirinç, buğday, dövme ve bulgur izlemiştir. En yüksek konidi sayısı, kırık pirinç (10.24x1010konidi/g) ve tam pirinç (9.62x1010konidi/g) kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Konidilerin çimlenme oranları önemli ölçüde değişmemiştir. Buğday kullanılarak önemli ölçüde daha yüksek hidrofobisite oranı elde edilmiştir (%88.73). Bulgur ve buğdaydan elde edilen konidiler, diğer substratlardan elde edilen konidilere kıyasla daha yüksek termotolerans göstermiştir. Tam pirinç ve kırık pirinçten elde edilen konidi, sırasıyla %80.3 ve %72.0 ile diğerlerinden önemli ölçüde daha yüksek ölüme neden olmuştur. Zayıf özellikleri bulunmakla birlikte, nihai amaç zararlı popülasyonunu baskılamak olduğundan bu izolat için princin daha iyi bir seçim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Substratların değerlendirilmesinde üretilen konidilerin tüm kritik özelliklerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesinin çok önemli olduğu bulunmuştur.

Examining Some Cereals for Mass Production of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Conidia by Solid State Fermentation

This study was conducted to test five substrates (whole rice, broken rice, dövme, wheat and bulgur) for the mass production of Beauveria bassiana isolate 5-4, known to be affective against stored-cereal pests. A solid-state fermentation technique was used, and amount of product, number of conidia, germination, hydrophobicity and thermotolerance of conidia, and their virulence on Rhyzopertha dominica adults were used to evaluate the success of substrates. For production, 100 g of a substrate was used in a polypropylene bag. After sterilization and inoculation, the bags were sealed and incubated for 14 days at 25ºC. Hydrophobicity was assessed using the aqueous-solvent partitioning method with PM buffer, and liquid paraffin as two phases. Thermotolerance tests were conducted by exposing conidia to 35, 40 and 45°C for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In virulence test, adults were released into 40 gr wheat mixed with conidia and kept at 25oC and 65% relative humidity in darkness for 14 days. The highest amount of product was obtained by using whole rice (4.10g/bag), followed by broken rice, wheat, dövme and bulgur. The highest number of conidia was achieved using broken rice (10.24x1010conidia/g) and whole rice (9.62x1010conidia/g). The germination rates of conidia did not vary significantly. Significantly higher hydrophobicity rate was obtained using wheat (88.73%). The conidia from bulgur and wheat showed higher thermotolerance than those from other substrates. The conidia obtained from whole rice and broken rice caused 80.3% and 72.0% mortalities, respectively, significantly higher than the others. Rice was found to be a better choice for this isolate as the ultimate purpose is to suppress pest populations, with awareness of its shortcomings. It was found crucial to test all important characteristics of produced conidia together for assessment of substrates.

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