Pyricularia oryzae'nın Neden Olduğu Çeltik Yanıklık Hastalığı Üzerine Bazı Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalar

Bu çalışmada, Pyricularia oryzae'nin neden olduğu çeltik yanıklık hastalığının gelişiminde sıcaklık ve yaprak ıslaklık süresinin etkileri ile Edirne ve Osmancık-97 çeltik çeşitlerinin hastalığa karşı tepkileri kontrollü çevre koşulları altında incelenmiştir. Edirne ve Osmancık-97 çeltik çeşitleri P. oryzae'nın (5x105 conidia ml-1) konidial süspansiyonu ile inokule edilmiş ve enfeksiyon dönemi boyunca dört farklı sıcaklık (20-32°C) ve beş farklı yaprak ıslaklık süresi (6 ila 30 saat) kombinasyonuna maruz burakılmıştır. Edirne ve Osmancık-97 çeşitlerinde, hastalık şiddeti artan sıcaklıklar ve yaprak ıslaklık süreleri ile yükselmiştir. En yüksek hastalık şiddeti 28°C sıcaklıkta 30 saat yaprak ıslaklık süresine maruz kalan bitkilerde tespit edilirken, en düşük hastalık şiddeti değerleri 20°C sıcaklıkta 6 saat yaprak ıslaklık süresinde saptanmıştır. Yükselen yaprak ıslaklık süreleri, optimum sıcaklıkta hastalık şiddetini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Ancak Osmancık-97 çeşidindeki tüm hastalık şiddeti değerlerinin aynı sıcaklık ve yaprak ıslaklık sürelerinde Edirne çeşidinden daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, bu çalışma ile denemelerde yeterli inokulum miktarını sağlamak için P. oryzae'nin sporlama kapasitesini artıracak yeni ve basit bir teknik geliştirilmiştir.

Some Epidemiological Studies on Rice Blast Disease Caused by Pyricularia oryzae

In this study, the effects of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness on the development of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae and the reactions of Edirne and Osmancık-97 rice cultivars were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Rice cultivars Edirne and Osmancık-97 were inoculated with a conidial suspension (5x105 conidia ml-1) of P. oryzae and exposed to combinations of five different leaf wetness durations (from 6 to 30 h) and four different temperatures (20 to 32°C) over the course of infection period. Disease severity on cvs. Edirne and Osmancık-97 increased with increasing temperatures and hours of wetness duration. The highest disease severity was detected on plants exposed to 30 h leaf wetness duration at 28°C, while the lowest disease severity values were observed 6 h leaf wetness duration at 20°C temperature. Increased leaf wetness durations significantly increased disease severity at optimal temperature. But, it was observed that the all disease severity values on cv.Osmancık-97 was lower than cv. Edirne at same temperatures and leaf wetness durations. In addition, a new and simple technique was developed to increase the sporulation capacity of the P. oryzae to provide enough inoculum quantity in the experiments by this study.

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