Elif Deniz ŞAFAK, Hatice Duygu KIZILÇAY, Sibel ARGUVANLI, Mümtaz M. MAZICIOĞLU, Salime MUCUK, Ahmet ÖZTÜRK, Şemsinur GÖÇER, Yusuf KIRIS, Sibel AKIN

The Relationship Between Daily Living Activities and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to describe the relationship between activities of daily living and cognitive function community-dwelling elderly in an urban area. Methods: 872 Participants were randomly selected who aged ≥65 years living in Kayseri, Turkey, patients were registered with Family Health Centers. We used the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) to assess participants’ cognitive function, the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) to assess activities of daily living, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale to assess instrumental activities of daily living, and a questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Participants’ mean age was 71.9±5.5 years. The overall prevalence of IADL dependency was 17.6%; dependency was significantly higher in women than in men (by 5.5%). The prevalence of ADL dependency was 0.6%, and there was no sex difference. SMMSE and IADL scores decreased as age increased, whereas the ADL score did not change. Conclusions: Increased age is a fundamental component of cognitive impairment and limitation in activities of daily living. Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with cognitive impairment should receive early evaluation for IADL dependency. In addition, a daily living activity scale that takes into account social, cultural and gender characteristics may be useful in early detection of dependence.

Yaşlılarda Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri ve Bilişsel Fonksiyon İlişkisi: Kesitsel Çalışma

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 65 yaş ve üstü bireylerde günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ile bilişsel fonksiyonlar arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kayseri ilinde yaşayan, Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine (ASM) kayıtlı olan 65 yaş ve üzeri 872 birey rastgele seçildi. Bilişsel fonksiyon değerlendirmesi için SMMT (Standardize Mini Mental Test), temel günlük yaşam aktiviteleri için Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği (GYA), enstrümental günlük yaşam aktiviteleri için Lawton Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği (EGYA) ve sosyodemografik özellikler anketi uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 71,9±5,5’di. EGYA puanlarına göre bağımlılık prevalansı %17,6 olup kadınlarda erkeklere göre %5,5 yüksek saptandı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. GYA puanlarına göre bağımlılık prevalansı %0,6 olup cinsiyetler arası anlamlı fark saptanmadı. SMMT ve EGYA puanlarının yaş arttıkça azalma gösterdiği, ancak GYA puanında değişme olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç: Bilişsel bozukluk ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde kısıtlılığın temel bileşeni ileri yaş olduğundan toplumdaki 65 yaş ve üzeri yaşlılarda bilişsel fonksiyon bozukluğu tespit edilenler EGYA ile erken dönemde bağımlılık açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Ayrıca sosyal, kültürel ve cinsiyet özelliklerini göz önüne alan bir günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ölçeği bağımlılığın erken teşhisinde faydalı olabilir.

PDF

___

1. World Health Organization. Media Centre. Dementia 2016. [Internet] Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/ Accessed: 19.07.2018.

2. Emik G, Cangöz B. Changing Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer Type Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Healthy Aging. Journal of Geriatry and Geriatric. Neuropsychiatry 2010;2(1):25-35.

3. Clark GD, Cummings LJ. Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia: An update. Sevinçok L (trans. editor). Journal of Dementia 2003;1:21-9.

4. Millan-Calenti JC, Tubio J, Pita-Fernandez F, et al. Prevalence of functional disability in activities of dailyl living (Adl), instrumental activities of daily living (Iadl) and associated factors, as predictors of morbidity and mortality. Arch GerontolGeriatr 2010;50:306–10.

5. Selekler K, Cangöz B, Karakoç E. Adaptation And Norm Determination Study Of The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) On Turkish Adults (Ages 50 And Over). Turk J Neurol2004;10(2):102-107.

6. Arguvanlı S, Akın S, Deniz Şafak E, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment and related risk factors in community-dwelling elderly in Kayseri/Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015;45(5):1167– 1172.

7. Deniz Safak E, Göcer S, Mucuk S, et al. The prevalence and related factors of restless leg syndrome in the community dwelling elderly; in Kayseri, Turkey: A cross-sectional study, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2016;65:29-35.

8. Turkish Statistical Institute. Kayseri with the Selected Indicators in 2013. [Internet] Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ilGostergeleri/iller/KAYSERI.pdf Accessed: 21.07.2014.

9. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, Mc Hugh PR. "Mini Mental State" A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-98.

10. Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, et al. Reliability and Validity of The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination in The Diagnosis of Mild Dementia in Turkish Population. Turkish journal of Psychiatry 2002;13(4):273-81.

11. Katz S, Ford AB, Maskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL. JAMA 1963;9:914-19.

12. Arik G, Varan HD, Yavuz BB, et al. Validation of Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in Turkish older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61(3):344-50.

13. Lawton MP, Broody EM. Assessment of older people: Selfmaintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.

14. Tozlu M, Cankurtaran M, Yavuz BB, et al. Functional disability in Alzheimer disease: a validation study of the Turkish version of the disability assessment for dementia scale. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2014; 27(4):237-46.

15. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanase E, et al. The global prevalance of dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9:63-75.

16. Arslantas D, Ozbabalık D, Metintas S, et al. Prevelance of dementia and associated risk factors in Middle Anatolia, Turkey. J Clin Neurosci 2009;16(11):1455-59.

17. Karatay G, Aktaş B, Erdağı S. Screening of cognitive function in the population aged 60 years and over in Kars: a field research. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2010;13(4):261-69.

18. Tezel CG, İçağasıoğlu A, Karabulut A, et al. Evaluation of cognitive level, depression symptoms, functional capacity in geriatric patients. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2004;7(4):206-10.

19. Tel H, Tel H, Sabancıoğulları S. Status of maintenance of activities of daily living and experience of loneliness in elder than 60 years old living at home and in institutions. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 2006;9(1):34-40.

20. Bulucu GD, Ünsal A. Care needs of the elderly people who lived at home in a neighborhood with low socioeconomic level. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences 2014;3(1):577-87.

21. Gill TM, Williams CS, Richardson ED, et al. A predictive model for ADL dependence in community-living olderadults based on a reduced set of cognitive status items. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45(4):441-445.

22. Tabert MH, Albert SM, Borukhova-Milov L, et al. Functional deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2002;58(5):758-64.

23. Arslantas D, Ünsal A, Metintas S, et al. Life quality and daily life activities of elderly people in rural areas, Eskişehir (Turkey). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009;48:127-31.

24. Kondo N, Kazama M, Suzuki K, et al. Impact of mental health on daily living activities of Japanese elderly. Preventive Medicine 2008;46:457-62.

25. Stuck EA, Egger M, Hammer A, et al. Home visits to prevent nursing home admission and functional decline in elderly people. JAMA 2002;287:1022-28.

ISSN: 1309-3878
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2009
Yayıncı: Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği AD adına Yrd.Doç.Dr.Cemil Işık Sönmez