Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Kavram Haritaları Kullanımı

Kavram haritaları, öğrencinin gereksinim duyduğu bilgiyi doğru biçimde kazanmasına yardımcı olan önemli öğretim yöntemlerindendir. Kavram haritası, insanların nasıl öğrendikleri ile anlamlı öğrenme konuları arasında köprü kuran bir öğrenme ve öğretme stratejisidir. Hemşirelikte kavram haritaları uygulama ile teoriyi birleştirme, vaka yönetimi, akademik makale hazırlama ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ders çalışma tekniği olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde kavram haritası öğretim yöntemi kullanımının, öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerisi ve kendi başlarına kavram haritası yapma, başarma duygusu ve özgüveni arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında öğrencilerin bilmedikleri ve anlamadıkları konuları daha kolay belirleyebildikleri, konuları daha iyi anlayabildikleri ve akademik başarılarına olumlu etki ettiği saptanmıştır. Hemşirelik eğitiminde kavram haritalarının kullanımının oldukça yararlı olduğu görülmekte ve bu konuyla ilgili bilgi eksikliğinin tamamlanması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede kavram haritaları ile ilgili genel bilgiler, hemşirelik eğitiminde kullanılan kavram haritalarının yapısı, kavram haritası oluşturma süreci ve hemşirelik eğitiminde kavram haritalarının kullanımının önemine değinilmiştir.

Use of Concept Maps in Nursing Education

Concept mapping is an important teaching and learning methodthat can help learners accurately acquire the information they need.A concept map connects how people learn with meaningful learningissues. In nursing, concept maps can be used as a method forcombining practice and theory, case management, academic writing,and study skills of nursing students. It has been identified that the useof the concept maps in nursing education improves a student's sense ofaccomplishment, self-confidence, and the ability of developing criticalthinking skills. In addition, this method allows students to more easilyidentify the subjects that they do not know and understand and hasa positive effect on students' academic success. In nursing education,the use of concept maps is very beneficial, and more informationto educators in this field is recommended. In this review, generalinformation about concept maps, the structure and formation ofconcepts maps, and the importance of using concept maps in nursingeducation is mentioned.

___

  • 1. Dil S, Öz F. Hemşirelik öğretiminde bir strateji: Kavram haritasının kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;1(1):81-9. Available from: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/ hunhemsire/article/view/5000154726/5000139925
  • 2. Novak JD. Meaningful learning: The essential factor for conceptual change in limited or appropriate propositional hierarchies (liphs) leading to empowerment of learners. Science Education. 2002;86(4):548-1. doi: 10.1002/sce.10032.
  • 3. Zee CHR, Beurskens AJHM, Swinkels RAHM, Pool JJM, Batterham RW, Osborne RH et al. The burden of neck pain: Its meaning for persons with neck pain and healthcare providers, explored by concept mapping. Qual Life Res. 2016;25:1219-5. doi: 10.1007/s11136-015-1149-6.
  • 4. Karayurt Ö, Dicle A, İstan P. Hemşirelik eğitiminde bir strateji: Kavram haritası. ZKÜ Zonguldak Sağlık Yüksekokulu Sağlık Eğitim Araştırma Dergisi. 2006;2(2):100-9.
  • 5. Atay S, Karabacak Ü. Care plans using concept maps and their effects on the critical thinking dispositions of nursing students. Int J Nur Pract. 2012;18:233-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2012.02034.x.
  • 6. Yue M, Zhang M, Zhang C, Jin C. The effectiveness of concept mapping on development of critical thinking in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;52:87-4. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.018.
  • 7. Youssef AM, Mansour M. The effect of concept mapping on students’ learning achievements and interests in Taif University. Life Sci J. 2012;9(2):346-3. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/ Hanan_Youssef3/publication/236869658_039_17486life0902 s_346_353_Final/links/0deec519bbe9684969000000/039- 17486life0902s-346-353-Final.pdf
  • 8. Gul RB, Boman JA. Concept mapping: A strategy for teaching and evaluation in nursing education. Nurse Educ Prac. 2006;6(4):199-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2006.01.001.
  • 9. Hsu LL, Pan HC, Hsieh SI. Randomized comparison between objectivebased lectures and outcome-based concept mapping for teaching neurological care to nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;37:83- 90. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.11.032.
  • 10. Khan BA, Ali F, Vazir N, Barolia R, Rehan S. Students perceptions of clinical teaching and learning strategies. Nurse Educ Today. 2012;32:85- 90. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2011.01.016.
  • 11. George A, Geethakrishnan R, D'souza P. Concept mapping: A child health nursing practical exercise. Holis Nurs Prac. 2014;28(1):43-7. doi: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000001.
  • 12. Merriam SB, Caffarella RS, Baumgarftner L. Learning in adulthood. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2006. p. 271-391. doi: 10.1177/074171369204200310.
  • 13. Daley BJ, Morgan S, Black SB. Concept maps in nursing education: A historical literature review and research directions. J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(11):631-9. doi 10.3928/01484834-20161011-05
  • 14. Beard RM. An outline of Piaget's developmental psychology. New York: Routledge; 2007. doi: 10.4324/9780203715765.
  • 15. Novak JD, Canas AJ, editors. The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them [Internet]. Florida: The Institute for Human & Machine Cognition; 2016 [cited 2017 Sept 8]. Available from: http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/pdf/TheoryUnderlyingConceptMaps. pdf
  • 16. All AC, Huycke LI, Fisher MJ. Instructional tools for nursing education: Concept mapping. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2003;24(6):311-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14705401
  • 17. Daley B. Concept maps: Linking nursing theory to clinical nursing practice. J Nurs Educ. 1996;27:17-7. doi: 10.3928/0022-0124- 19960101-06.
  • 18. All AC, Havens RL. Cognitive/concept mapping: A teaching strategy for nursing. J Adv Nurs. 1997;25:1210-19. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.19970251210.x.
  • 19. All AC, Huycke LI. Serial concept maps: Tools for concept analysis. J Nurs Educ. 2007;46(5):217-24. Available from: https://www.healio. com/journals/jne/2007-5-46-5/%7B29dedda7-c488-40ff-ad31- 94b7d8555530%7D/serial-concept-maps-tools-for-concept-analysis
  • 20. Revell SM. Concept maps and nursing theory: A pedagogical approach. Nurse Educ. 2012;37(3):131-5. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0b013e31825041ba.
  • 21. Kane M, Trochim WM. Concept mapping for planning and evaluation. In: Bickman L & Rog DJ, editors. London: Sage Publications; 2007. p. 1-111. doi: 10.4135/9781412983730.
  • 22. Novak JD, Gowin DB. Learning how to learn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1984. p. 15-40. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139173469.
  • 23. Carpenito-Moyet LJ, Juall L. Hemşirelik tanıları el kitabı. Erdemir F, translator. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi; 2012. p. 520.
  • 24. Hicks-Moore SL. Clinical concept maps in nursing education: An effective way to link theory and practice. Nurse Educ Prac. 2005;5:348- 52. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2005.05.003.
  • 25. Hsu L, Hsieh S. Concept maps as an assesment tool in a nursing course. J Prof Nurs. 2005;21(3):141-9. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2005.04.006.
  • 26. Nesbit JC, Adesope OO. Learning with concept and knowledge map: A meta-analysis. Rev Educ Res. 2006;76(3):413-8. doi: 10.3102/00346543076003413.
  • 27. Yılmaz K, Çolak R. Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde kavram haritaları kullanımının öğrencilerin tutum, akademik başarı ve bilgilerinin kalıcılık düzeylerine etkisi. Uluslararası Cumhuriyet Eğitim Dergisi. 2012;1(1):1-16. Available from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/ article-file/48588
  • 28. Novak JD. Learning, creating, and using knowledge: Concept maps as facilitative tools in schools and corporations. Je-LKS. 2010;6(3):21-30. doi: 10.4324/9780203862001.
  • 29. Korkmaz Z, Avcı Ö, Tosun Ö, Uslu N, Erdem E, Bayat M. Klinik uygulamada kavram haritası kullanımı: Respiratuvar distress sendromu (RDS) örneği. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;20(3):235-9. Available from: http://sagens.erciyes.edu.tr/dergi/2011_3/zubeydederleme.pdf
  • 30. Uslu N, Korkmaz Z, Tosun Ö, Avcı Ö, Bayat M, Erdem E. Kavram haritasının öğrenci eğitiminde kullanımına bir örnek: Tip 1 diyabetes mellitus. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;1(1):99-5. Available from: http://sbfe-dergi.erciyes.edu.tr/article/ view/1051000078
  • 31. Bayındır SK, Göriş S, Korkmaz Z, Bilgi N. Kavram haritası ile kronik böbrek yetmezliği (KBY) vaka sunumu. Balıkesir Saglik Bil Derg. 2015;4(3):152-5. doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2015.36855.
  • 32. Dearmon V, Lawson R, Hall HR. Concept mapping a baccalaureate nursing program: A method for success. J Nurs Educ. 2011;50(11):656- 9. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20110817-01.
  • 33. Jaafarpour M, Aazami S, Mozafari M. Does concept mapping enhance learning outcome of nursing students? Nurs Educ Today. 2016;36:129- 32. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.08.029
  • 34. Lee W, Chiang CH, Liao IC, Lee ML, Chen SL, Liang T. The longitudinal effect of concept map teaching on critical thinking of nursing students. Nurs Educ Today. 2013;33:1219-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.06.010.
  • 35. Kaddoura M, Van-Dyke O, Yang O. Impact of a concept map teaching approach on nursing students' critical thinking skills. Nur Health Sci. 2016;18:350-4. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12277.
  • 36. Shanmugam S, Susila C. Impact of concept mapping as an academic tool. Asia Pac J Res. 2016;1(38):226-9. Available from: http://apjor.com/ downloads/1205201635.pdf
  • 37. Wu P, Hwang G, Milrad M, Ke H, Huang Y. An innovative concept map approach for improving students’ learning performance with an instant feedback mechanism. Br J Educ Technol. 2012;43(2):217-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01167.x.
  • 38. Pacis VM, Jubilo MR, Cruz JP. Concept mapping as a teaching strategy utilized for senior nursing students. J Nurs Educ. 2014;4(6):28-5. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3056/ ebf978b31cff9a4429a4dccb1ec092dff9de.pdf
  • 39. Zadeh NR, Gandomani HS, Delaram M, Yekta ZP. Comparing the effect of concept mapping and conventional methods on nursing students’ practical skill score. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;4(3):1-6. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal27471.