Adaletin Kantçı Zemini

Siyaset felsefesinin temel sorunu, bireysel özgürlük ile siyasal otoriteyi bağdaştırmaktır. Adalet kavrayışları bireysel özgürlük ile siyasal otorite arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl kurulması gerektiğini belirlerler. Özellikle Kantçı siyaset felsefesinde bireysel özgürlük düşüncesi adaletin temelini veren ilkedir. Ancak, Kantçılar arasında özgürlüğün siyasal adalet bağlamında nasıl anlaşılması gerektiği konusunda anlaşmazlık vardır. Rainer Forst’un çalışmaları Kant’ın siyaset felsefesini özgürlüğü ahlaki özerklik temelinde derinlemesine ve bütünsel olarak yeniden inşa girişimlerinden birini örneklemektedir. Bu makalede ilk olarak Rainer Forst’un siyasal adalet kavrayışını tanıtıp eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendiriyorum. Sonrasında, Forst’un Kantçı siyasal adalet yorumuna alternatif olarak, ahlaki özerkliğe dayanmayan, daha kabul edilebilir bir Kantçı siyasal adalet kavrayışını önererek kısaca tartışıyorum. Kant’ın doğuştan özgürlüğe hakkı olma düşüncesinin siyasal adaletin temelini veren ilke olduğunu ileri sürüyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kant, Özerklik, Özgürlük, Adalet, Gerekçelendirme

Kantian Grounds of Justice

The fundamental problem of political philosophy is reconciling individual freedom and political authority. Conceptions of justice specify how the relationship between individual freedom and political authority is to be established. The idea of individual freedom is specifically the grounding principle of justice for Kantian political philosophy. However, there is a disagreement between Kantians on the question of how freedom should be conceived in the context of political justice. Rainer Forst’s works exemplify one of the most elaborate attempts to reconstruct Kant’s political philosophy grounded in freedom as moral autonomy. In this paper, I first introduce and assess critically Rainer Forst’s conception of political justice. Then, as an alternative to Forst’s Kantian interpretation of political justice, I propose and briefly discuss a more acceptable conception of Kantian idea of political justice, which is not based on moral autonomy. I argue that Kant’s idea of freedom as an innate right is the grounding principle of political justice.

Keywords:

Kant, Autonomy, Freedom, Justice, Justification,

PDF

___

BENHABİB, Seyla (2015). “The Uses and Abuses of Kantian Rigorism. On Rainer Forst’s Moral and Political Philosophy”, Political Theory, 43(6): 777-792.
FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2010). “Justice without virtue”, Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: A Critical Guide, ed. L. Denis, pp. 51-70, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2012). “Elusive Unity: The General Will in Hobbes and Kant”, Hobbes Studies, 25(1): 21-42.
FLIKSCHUH, Katrin (2013). “Personal autonomy and public authority”, Kant on Moral Autonomy, ed. O. Sensen, pp. 169-190, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
FORST, Rainer (2011). The Right to Justification: Elements of a Constructivist Theory of Justice, New York: Columbia University Press.
FORST, Rainer (2014a). Justification and Critique: Towards a Critical Theory of Politics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
FORST, Rainer (2014b). “Legitimitaet, Demokratie und Gerechtigkeit: Zur Reflexivitaet normativer Ordnungen”, Deliberative Kritik – Kritik der Deliberation, eds. O. Flügel-Martinsen, D. Gaus, T. Hitzel-Cassagnes, F. Martinsen, pp. 137-147, Wiesbaden: Springer.
FORST, Rainer (2015). “Transnational Justice and Non-Domination: A Discourse-Theoretical Approach”, Domination and Global Political Justice: Conceptual, Historical, and Institutional Perspectives, eds. B. Buckinx, J. TrejoMathys, and T. Waligore, pp. 88-110. New York: Routledge.
GOSEPATH, Stefan (2015). “Democracy and Moral Rights”, Transformations of Democracy: Crisis, Protest and Legitimation, eds. R. Celikates, R. Kreide, and T. Wesche, pp. 193-211. London: Rowman and Littefield.
KANT, Immanuel (1991). “The Metaphysics of Morals”, Political Writings, trans. by H. B. Nisbet, ed. Hans Reiss, pp. 131-175. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
RIPSTEIN, Arthur (2009). Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
RIPSTEIN, Arthur (2015). “Means and Ends”, Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought, 6(1): 1-23.
WARNKE, Georgia (2013). “Deliberation and interpretation”, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 39(8): 755-770.